The Mahabharata: An Inquiry In The Human Condition
IDH471
by
Chaturvedi Badrinath
Hardcover (Edition: 2006)
Orient Longman Private Limited
ISBN 8125028463
Size: 9.6" X 6.3
Pages: 693
Chaturvedi Badrinath is a philosopher and was born in Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh. He was a member of the Indian Administrative Service between 1957 and 1989 and spent thirty-one years serving in Tamil Nadu. Badrinath has been Homi Bhabha Fellow (1971-73) and Visiting Professor at Heidelberg University (1971), where he gave a series of seminars on dharma and its application to our times. Giving numerous lectures on Indian thought, he has also been an active participant in inter-religious an inter-Civilisational dialogue at various for across the world.
His other books include Dharma, India and the World Order: Twenty- one Essays (1993); Introduction to the Kamasutra (1999); finding Jesus in dharma: Christianity in India (2000); and Swami Vivekananda: the Living Vedanta (2006). Badrinath now lives near Pondicherry India.
Chaturvedi Badrinath show that the Mahabharata is the most systematic inquiry into the human condition. Its principal concern is the relationship of the self with the self and with the other. This book not only proves the universality of the themes explored in the Mahabharata, but also how this great epic provides us with a method to understand the human condition itself.
Badrinath shows that the concerns of the Mahabharata are the concerns of everyday life- of dharma, artha, kama and moksha. It is through this everyday-ness, with its complexities as much as with its simplicity, that the Mahabharata still rings true. This book dispels several false claims about what is today known as 'Hinduism' to show us how individual liberty and knowledge, freedom, equality, and the celebration of love, friendship and relationship are integral to the philosophy of the Mahabharata, because they are integral to human life.
Using over 500 shlokas of the original text that he supports with his own lucid translations, chaturvedi Badrinath's The Mahabharata is an invaluable contribution to our understanding of this epic, not in the least, for his elegant scholarship and humanistic approach.
| Acknowledgements | ix |
| A Note on the Diacritical Marks and Translations | xiii |
| Dramatis Persona of the Mahabharata | xv |
| The eighteen Main Parva-s of the Mahabharata | xvii |
| CHAPTER ONE | |
| Introduction to the Mahabharata | 1 |
| The subjects of the inquiry and their universality | 3 |
| The method in the inquiry | 10 |
| CHAPTER TWO | |
| Food, Water and Life | 23 |
| Food and water in the Upanishad-s | 24 |
| Food and water in the Mahabharata | 30 |
| Giving and sharing not ritual 'acts' | 35 |
| The always-full cooking pot | 37 |
| A portion for the unknown guest | 39 |
| CHAPTER THREE | |
| The Spiritual and the Material in the Mahabharata | 41 |
| Perceptions of the self | 45 |
| The manifest self: the unmanifest self. | 57 |
| Radical shift in the Mahabharata | 67 |
| Self, energy, and relationships | 70 |
| CHAPTER FOUR | |
| Dharma-The Foundation of Life and Relationships | 77 |
| The radical shift in the Mahabharata: the universality of dharma | 85 |
| Dharma and the question of relativism | 90 |
| Another radical shift in the Mahabharata | 95 |
| Dharma as relationship of the self with the self and with the other | 101 |
| CHAPTER FIVE | |
| Ahimsa-Not-violence, the Foundation of Life | 113 |
| Not-violence: The foundation of life and relationships | 115 |
| The opposite reality: 'Life lives upon life' | 119 |
| The rationality of not-violence | 123 |
| Justification of anger on being wronged | 127 |
| The rationality of forgiveness and its limits | 142 |
| The argument against enmity and war | 148 |
| Violence in speech and words | 154 |
| Violence to one's self | 161 |
| Freedom from fear: freedom from the violence of history | 163 |
| CHAPTER SIX | |
| What is 'Death' ? The Origin of Mrityu | 169 |
| CHAPTER SEVEN | |
| The Question of Truth | 181 |
| Truth and the problem of relativism | 183 |
| Truth is relational | 192 |
| CHAPTER EIGHT | |
| Human Attributes-Neither Neglect, nor Idolatry | 199 |
| Svartha and niti, self-interest and prudence | 216 |
| CHAPTER NINE | |
| Human Attributes-Sukha and Duhkha: Pleasure and Pain | 225 |
| 'Pleasure' and 'pain': experienced facts | 227 |
| The reasons why there is more pain than pleasure | 231 |
| 'Perhaps that is why you look pale and weak?' The psychosomatic link | 239 |
| From the same facts: three different paths to happiness | 246 |
| A radical shift in the 'because-therefore' reasoning | 260 |
| The Mahabharata's teachings of happiness | 263 |
| CHAPTER TEN | |
| Material Prosperity and Wealth, Artha | 271 |
| Importance of wealth in the Mahabharata | 273 |
| The other truth concerning wealth | 280 |
| CHAPTER ELEVEN | |
| Sexual Energy and Relationship, Kama and Saha-dharma | 295 |
| Conflicting attitudes towards woman | 304 |
| Comparative pleasure of man and woman | 312 |
| The question regarding the primacy of sexuality | 313 |
| Sexuality and relationship in the Mahabharata | 317 |
| Possession of the mind | 327 |
| Kama subject to dharma | 331 |
| CHAPTER TWELVE | |
| Grihastha and grihini, the householder; Grihastha-ashrama, life-in-family | 335 |
| Family as a stage in life | 340 |
| The highest place for the Householder and the family | 347 |
| Obligations and duties, and 'the three debts' | 350 |
| Not obligations and duties alone, also feelings | 351 |
| the place of the wife in the life-in-family | 354 |
| The place of the mother in the life-in-family | 360 |
| Conversations between husband and wife as part of family life | 365 |
| Life-in-family in the larger context of life | 367 |
| CHAPTER THIRTEEN | |
| Varna-dharma, Social Arrangements; Loka-samgraha, towards Social Wealth | 369 |
| The origin of varna | 372 |
| Varna-a function, not a person | 375 |
| By birth, not by conduct alone | 379 |
| The humbling of arrogance | 386 |
| Antagonism among social functions: its psychology | 394 |
| Harmony among social callings: the way to social wealth | 410 |
| CHAPTER FOURTEEN | |
| Dharma-The Foundation of Raja-Dharma, Law and Governance | 417 |
| The purpose of governance, danda | 422 |
| The discipline of dharma is the discipline of the king | 428 |
| Self-discipline of the king | 430 |
| Impartiality, truth, and trust in governance | 435 |
| Trust as the foundation of republics | 440 |
| Public wealth under the control of dharma | 441 |
| Fear as the basis of the social order | 444 |
| Reconciliation or force? | 448 |
| The law of abnormal times: apad-dharma | 453 |
| An argument against capital punishment | 455 |
| The king creates historical conditions, not they him | 458 |
| CHAPTER FIFTEEN | |
| Sage Narada's Question to King Yudhishthira | 465 |
| Concerning Yudhishthira's relation with his self | 466 |
| Concerning the principles of sound statecraft | 468 |
| Concerning the principles of sound administration | 470 |
| Questions concerning the security of the realm | 474 |
| Above all, questions concerning the foundations of good governance | 475 |
| CHAPTER SIXTEEN | |
| Fate or Human Endeavour? The Question of Causality | 477 |
| Daiva, fate | 479 |
| Purushartha: human endeavour | 483 |
| Endeavour and providence together | 487 |
| Kala, Time | 491 |
| Svabhava, innate disposition | 503 |
| The question of accountability in what happens | 508 |
| The question of causality unresolved | 523 |
| Beyond 'causality' | 527 |
| CHAPTER SEVENTEEN | |
| Form Ritual Acts to Relationships | 529 |
| What is true shaucha, 'purity'? | 530 |
| What is true Tirtha, pilgrimage? | 534 |
| What is true tyaga, 'renunciation'? | 539 |
| What is sadachara, 'good conduct'? What is shishtachara, 'cultured conduct'? | 547 |
| Who is truly a pandita, 'wise'? Who is a fool? | 552 |
| Who is truly a santa, 'saint'? | 556 |
| CHAPTER EIGHTEEN | |
| Moksha-Liberation from the Human Condition | 559 |
| The rationality of moksha | 560 |
| The radical shift in the Mahabharata | 567 |
| The attributes of a free person | 570 |
| Moksha as freedom from | 577 |
| The paths to moksha | 580 |
| Moksha as freedom into | 588 |
| Notes | 593 |
| Index and Concordance | 631 |