The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is a legal document of standards for the quality of Ayurvedic drugs and substances included therein. This 4th Volume consists of 68 monographs on single drugs of plant origin. Pharmacognostical chemical and Ayurvedic are described in detail in each monograph.
Each monograph describes macroscopic, microscopic character along with their chemical standards of identity, permissible limit of foreign matter, purity and strength and have been developed on the protocol developed and approved by the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia Committee. It also prescribes about total ash value, acid insoluble extractive water-soluble extractive and chromatographic pattern of TLC. All this work was carried out in Pharmacopoeia Lab. of Indian Medicine. The data has been finalized after confirmation of various samples obtained from different agro-climatic zones by the cross-section of experienced scientists in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee and after careful scientific scrutiny. The standards have been consciously kept modest so that its implementation by the manufacturing companies becomes easily acceptable in order to maintain quality control and batch uniformity. However efforts of the manufactures should be to maintain higher standards of quality.
Ayurvedic pharmacological properties like Rasa, Guna, Virya etc. are also mentioned in each monograph along with their therapeutic uses, some of the important classical formulations and therapeutic dose.
Appendix of this volume contains the details of the protocols used in determination of various scientific standards. References of ancient Ayurvedic literature in its original form are added, in order to authenticate the Ayurvedic statements made in each monograph.
In the end English equivalents of Ayurvedic term have been given to make the volume user friendly for all people who work in the are of Ayurveda drugs and who are not conversant with Sanskrit terminology.
In general this book is more user friendly for scientists, manufacturers, students involved in drug quality testing of Ayurvedic medicines, teachers of Drvyaguna research scholars, physicians of Ayurveda and many others who have interest in the quality standards of Ayurvedic medicines.
This book is included in the 1st schedule of Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940. Manufactures are required to follow pharmacopoeial standards as these are mandatory requirement under the Act.
Foreword:
This is a global demand for natural plant based products including Ayurvedic medicines for various health problems. Therefore the associated issues of quality and standards of Ayurvedic drugs are very important. It is equally important to ensure the efficacy of the drugs to increase the faith of the users. For the implementation of the provisions relation to Ayurvedic medicines in the Drugs and cosmetics Act, 1940 and the Rules there under it was considered necessary to work out scientific quality standards of drugs of these systems. The pharmacopoeial Lab. for Indian Medicine Ghaziabad has been constantly working since 1970 to develop standards of quality, purity and strengths of Ayurvedic drugs. This Lab. is guided by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee having experts of Ayurveda, pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, inorganic Chemistry and Pharmacy. On the advice of APC and scientific data generated by PILM the work on developing pharmacopoeia of India containing monographs of Ayurvedic drugs on scientific parameters.
VOLUME I
Legal Notices | Xi | ||
General Notices | Xiii | ||
Preface | Xvii | ||
Introduction | Xxi | ||
1 | Ajagandha | Cleome gynandra Linn | 1 |
2 | Ajamoda | Apium leptophyllum F.V.M. ex. Benth | 2 |
3 | Amalaki | Emblica officinalis Gaertn | 4 |
4 | Amalaki | Emblica officinalis Gaertn | 5 |
5 | Aragavadha | Cassia Fistula Linn | 7 |
6 | Arka (Rt.) | Calotropis procera R. Br. | 8 |
7 | Arka (Lf.) | Calotropis Procera R. Br. | 10 |
8 | Asana (Ht.Wd.) | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. | 12 |
9 | Ashoka (St. Bk.) | Saraca asoca DC. Willd | 14 |
10 | Asvagandha (Rt.) | Withania somnifera Dunal | 15 |
11 | Asvattha (Bk) | Ficus religiosa Linn | 17 |
12 | Atasi | Linum usitatissimum Linn. | 19 |
13 | Atibala (Rt.) | Abutilon indicum (Linn) Sw | 20 |
14 | Ativisa (Rt) | Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex Royle | 22 |
15 | Babbula (St.Bk.) | Acacia nilotica Willd. Ex Del. Sp. Indica Brenan | 24 |
16 | Bakuci (Frt) | Psoralea Corylifolia Linn. | 25 |
17 | Bibhitaka (Frt.) | Terminalia belerica Roxb. | 26 |
18 | Bilva (Frt. Pulp) | Aegle marmelos Corr. | 27 |
19 | Candrasura (Sd.) | Lepidium sativum Linn | 28 |
20 | Citraka (Rt.) | Plumbago zeylanica Linn | 29 |
21 | Dhanyaka (Frt.) | Coriandrum sativum Linn 30 | |
22 | Dhataki (Fl) | Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz | 32 |
23 | Eranda (Rt.) | Ricinus communis Linn | 34 |
24 | Gambhari (Rt. Bk.) | Gmelina arborea Roxb. | 36 |
25 | Goksura (Rt) | Tribulus terrestris Linn | 38 |
26 | Goksura (Frt) | Tribulus terrestris Linn | 40 |
27 | Guduci (St.) | Tinospora cordifolia Miers. | 41 |
28 | Guggulu | Commiphora wightti Bhand. | 43 |
29 | Gunja (Sd.) | Abrus precatorius Linn | 44 |
30 | Haridra (Rz.) | Curcuma longa Linn | 45 |
31 | Haritaki (Frt) | Terminalia chebula Retz. | 47 |
32 | Hingu | Gerula foetida Regel | 49 |
33 | Jatamansi | Nardostachys jatamansi DC | 51 |
34 | Jatiphala (Sd) | Myristica fragrans Houtt. | 53 |
35 | Kampilla (Frt) | Mallotus philippinensis Muell-Arg. | 55 |
36 | Kancanara (St. Bk.) | Bauhinia variegate Blume | 56 |
37 | Kankola | Piper cubeda Linn | 58 |
38 | Kantakari | Solanum surattense Burm. f. | 59 |
39 | Kanyasara (Lf.) | Aloe barbadensis Mill. | 62 |
40 | Karanja (Sd.) | Pongamia pinnata Merr. | 63 |
41 | Karavira | Nerium indicum Mill | 64 |
42 | Karkatasrngi | Pistacia chinensis Burgo | 66 |
43 | Karpasa | Gossypium herbaceum Linn | 67 |
44 | Kaseru | Scirpus kysoor Roxb. | 68 |
45 | Ketaki | Pandanus tectorius Soland ex Parkinson | 69 |
46 | Khadira | Acacia catechu Willd. | 70 |
47 | Kiratatikta | Swertia chirata Buch-Ham | 71 |
48 | Krsnajiraka | Carum carvi Linn | 73 |
49 | Kulattha | Vigna unquiculata Walp | 75 |
50 | Kustha | Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke | 76 |
51 | Kutaja | Holarrhena antidyasenterica A.DC. | 78 |
52 | Lavanga | Syzygium aromaticum Merr. And M.Perry | 80 |
53 | Lodhra | Symplocos racemosa Roxb. | 82 |
54 | Madana | Xeromphis spinosa Keay | 84 |
55 | Misreya | Foeniculum vulgare Mill | 86 |
56 | Nyagrodha | Ficus bengalensis Linn | 88 |
57 | Pasanabheda | Bergenia ciliate sternb | 90 |
58 | Patha | Cissampelos pareira Linn | 92 |
59 | Puga | Areca catechu Linn | 94 |
60 | Punarnava | Boerhaavia diffusa Linn | 95 |
61 | Saptaparna | Alstonia scholaris (Linn) | 97 |
62 | Sati | Hedychium spicatum Ham. Ex Smith | 99 |
63 | Snuhi | Euphorbia neriifolia Linn | 100 |
64 | Suksmaila | Elettaria cardamomum Maton | 101 |
65 | Sunthi | Zingiber officinale Roxb. | 103 |
66 | Svarnapatri | Cassia angustifolia Vahl. | 105 |
67 | Svetajiraka | Cuminum cyminum Linn | 106 |
68 | Sveta Sariva | Hemidesmus indicus (Linn) | 107 |
69 | Tagara | Valeriana wallichii DC | 109 |
70 | Tamalaki | Phyllanthus fraternus Webst | 111 |
71 | Tvak | Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume | 113 |
72 | Tavakapatra | Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Eberm | 115 |
73 | Udumbara | Ficus racemosa Linn | 117 |
74 | Upakuncika | Nigella sativa Linn | 119 |
75 | Varuna | Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham | 120 |
76 | Vasa | Adhatoda vasica Nees | 122 |
77 | Vidanga | Embelia ribes burm f. | 123 |
78 | Vijaya | Cannabis sativa Linn | 125 |
79 | Yasti | Glycyrrihiza glabra Linn | 127 |
80 | Yavani | Trachyspermum ammi Sprague ex Turril | 129 |
1 | Apparatus for Test and Assays | 135 |
1.1 | Nessler cylinder | 135 |
1.2 | Sieves | 135 |
1.3 | Thermometers | 135 |
1.4 | Volumetric Glass-Ware | 136 |
1.5 | Weights and Balances | 136 |
Appendix II | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 137 |
2.1.1 | Systematic Study of Crude Drugs | 137 |
2.1.2 | Microscopic Methods of Examining Crude vegetable Drugs | 137 |
2.1.3 | Types of Stomata | 140 |
2.1.4 | Determination of Stomata Index | 140 |
2.1.5 | Determination of Palisade Ratio | 141 |
2.1.6 | Determination of Vein-Islet Number | 141 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data for Vegetable Drugs | 142 |
2.2.1 | Sampling of Vegetable Drugs | 142 |
2.2.2 | Foreign Matter and Determination of Foreign Matter | 142 |
2.2.3 | Determination of Total Ash | 143 |
2.2.4 | Determination of Acid-Insoluble Ash | 143 |
2.2.5 | Determination of Water-Soluble Ash | 143 |
2.2.6 | Determination of Alcohal-Soluble Extractive | 143 |
2.2.7 | Determination of Water-Soluble Extractive | 143 |
2.2.8 | Determination of Ether-Soluble Extractive | 143 |
2.2.9 | Determination of Moisture Content | 143 |
2.2.10 | Determination of Volatile Oil in Drugs | 143 |
2.2.11 | Special Processes used in Alkaloidal Assays | 146 |
2.2.11-a | Continuous Extraction of Drugs | 146 |
2.2.11-b | Tests for Complete Extraction of Alkaloids | 146 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 147 |
2.3.1 | Limit Test for Arsenic | 147 |
2.3.2 | Limit Test for Clorides | 149 |
2.3.3 | Limit Test for Heavy Metals | 150 |
2.3.4 | Limit Test for Iron | 151 |
2.3.5 | Limit Test for Lead | 152 |
2.3.6 | Sulphated Ash | 152 |
2.3.7 | Limit Test for Sulphates | 153 |
Appendix III | ||
3 | Physical Tests and Determinations | 154 |
3.1 | Determination of Boiling or Distilling Range | 154 |
3.2 | Determination of Congealing Range or Temperature | 155 |
3.3 | Determination of pH Value | 156 |
3.4 | Determination of Melting Range or Melting Temperature | 157 |
3.5 | Optical Rotation and Specific Optical Rotation | 158 |
3.6 | Powder Fineness | 160 |
3.7 | Refractive Fineness | 161 |
3.8 | Weight Per Millilitre and Specific Gravity | 161 |
Appendix IV | ||
4 | Reagents and Solutions | 162 |
Appendix V | ||
5 | General Informations | 199 |
5.1 | Sodhana of Crude Drugs | 199 |
5.2 | Definition and Method of Preparing of Kvatha or Decoction | 199 |
Appendix VI | ||
6.1 | Weights and Measures | 201 |
6.2 | Definition and Method of Preparing of Kvatha or Decoction | 199 |
Appendix VII | ||
7 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 203 |
Index | 215 | |
English equivalents of Ayurvedic Clinical Conditions and Diseases | 235 | |
Monograph published in Volume-II | 257 | |
Monograph published n Volume III | 259 |
VOLUME II
Legal Notices | Viii | ||
General Notices | ix-xii | ||
Preface | xiii-xvii | ||
Introduction | xix-xxix | ||
1 | Akarakarabha | Anacyclus pyrethrum DC | 1-2 |
2 | Aksoda | Juglans regia Linn | 3-4 |
3 | Amrata | Spondian pinnata Linn. F. Kurz | 5-6 |
4 | Apamarga | Achyranthes aspera Linn | 7-9 |
5 | Aparajita | Clitoria ternatea Linn | 10-11 |
6 | Ardraka | Zingiber officinale Rosc. | 12-14 |
7 | Arimeda | Acacial leucophloea Willd | 15-16 |
8 | Arjuna | Terminalia arjuna W & A | 17-18 |
9 | Bhallataka | Semecarpus anacardium Linn | 19-20 |
10 | Bhrngaraja | Eclipta alba Hassk | 21-24 |
11 | Brahmi | Bacopa monnieri Wettst | 25-26 |
12 | Brhati | Solanum indicum Linn | 27-28 |
13 | Cavya | Piper retrofractum Vahl | 29-30 |
14 | Dadima | Punica granatum Linn | 31-32 |
15 | Daruharidra | Berberis aristata DC | 33-34 |
16 | Dronapuspi | Leucas cephalotes Spreng | 35-37 |
17 | Ervaru | Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Buthie and Fuller | 38-39 |
18 | Gajapippali | Scindapsus officinalis Linn | 40-41 |
19 | Gambhari | Gmelina arborea Roxb | 42-43 |
20 | Gangeru | Grewia tenax Aschers and Schwf | 44-45 |
21 | Gunja | Abrus precatorius Linn | 46-47 |
22 | Iksu | Saccharum officinarum Linn | 48-49 |
23 | Indravaruni (Rt) | Citrullus colocynthis Schrad | 50-51 |
24 | Indravaruni (Lf) | Citrullus colocynthis Schrad | 52-53 |
25 | Jambu (Sd) | Syzygium ciminii Skeels | 54-55 |
26 | Jambu (St. Bk.) | Syzygium ciminii Skeels | 56-57 |
27 | Jayapala Croton tiglium Linn | 58-59 | |
28 | Jayanti | Sesbania sesban Merr. | 60-61 |
29 | Jyotismati | Celastrus paniculatus Willd | 62-63 |
30 | Kadamba | Anthocephalus cadamba Miq | 64-65 |
31 | Kakamaci | Solanum nigrum Linn | 66-68 |
32 | Kamala | Nelumbo nucifera Pongamia Pinnata Merr.Gaertn | 69-70 |
33 | Kapittha | Feronia limonia Swingle | 71-72 |
34 | Karamarda | Carissa Carandas Linn | 73-74 |
35 | Karanja (Rt.Bk.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 75-76 |
36 | Karanja (Rt.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 77-78 |
37 | Karanja (St.Bk.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 79-80 |
38 | Karanja (Lf.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 81-82 |
39 | Karavallaka | Momordica charatia Linn | 83-84 |
40 | Katuka | Picrorhiza kurroa Royale ex Benth | 85-87 |
41 | Kokilaksa | Asteracantha longifolica Nees | 88-90 |
42 | Kokilaksa | Asteracantha longifolica Nees | 91-92 |
43 | Kokilaksa | Asteracantha longifolica Nees | 93-94 |
44 | Kozuppa | Portulaca oleracea Linn | 95-97 |
45 | Lajjalu | Mimosa Pudica Linn | 98-101 |
46 | Madhuka | Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel | 102-103 |
47 | Matsyaksi | Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. | 104-106 |
48 | Methi | Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Linn | 107-108 |
49 | Mulaka (W.P) | Raphanus Sativus Linn | 109-111 |
50 | Mulaka (Rt.) | Raphanus Sativus Linn | 112-113 |
51 | Mura | Selinum candollei DC | 114-115 |
52 | Murva | Marsdenia Tenacissima Wight.a nd Arn | 116-117 |
53 | Nagakesar | Mesua Gerrea Linn | 118-119 |
54 | Nili (Lf.) | Indigofera tinctoria Linn | 120-121 |
55 | Nili (Rt.) | Indigofera tinctoria Linn | 122-123 |
56 | Nimba (Lf.) | Azadirachta indica A. Juss. | 124-125 |
57 | Nimba (Rt.) | Azadirachta indica A. Juss. | 126-127 |
58 | Palasa | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 128-130 |
59 | Paribhadra | Erythrina indica Lam | 131-132 |
60 | Pippalimula | Piper longum Linn | 133-134 |
61 | Plaksa | Ficus lacor Buch. Ham | 135-136 |
62 | Prasarini | Paederia foetida Linn | 137-140 |
63 | Priyala | Buchanania lanzan Spreng | 141-142 |
64 | Priyangu | Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl | 143-144 |
65 | Sali | Oryza sativa Linn | 145-146 |
66 | Sankhapuspi | Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy | 147-149 |
67 | Saptala | Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam | 150-152 |
68 | Satahva | Aethum sowa Roxb. Ex Flem | 153-154 |
69 | Sigru | Moringa oleifera Lam | 155-157 |
70 | Sthulaela | Amomum subulatum Roxb. | 158-159 |
71 | Tejovati | Zanthoxylum armatum DC | 160-161 |
72 | Tulasi (W.P.) | Ocimum Sanctum Linn | 162-164 |
73 | Tulasi (Lf.) | Ocimum Sanctum Linn | 165-167 |
74 | Vaca | Acorus calamus Linn | 168-170 |
75 | Vatsanabha | Aconitum chasmanthum stapf Ex Holmes | 171-172 |
76 | Vidari | Pueraria tuberose DC | 173-174 |
77 | Yava | Hordeum Vulgare Linn | 175-176 |
78 | Yavasaka | Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv. | 177-179 |
Appendix 1 | ||
1.1 | Apparatus for Tests and Assays | 180-182 |
Appendix 2 | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 183-189 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data for vegetable Drugs | 189-196 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 197-205 |
Appendix 3 | ||
3.1 | Physical Tests and Determinations | 205-208 |
Appendix 4 | ||
4.1 | Reagents and Solutions | 209-261 |
Appendix 5 | ||
5.1 | Weighs and Measure | 262 |
5.2 | Approximate Equivalents of Does in Indian System and Metric System | |
Appendix 6 | ||
6.1 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 263-348 |
Index | 349-368 |
VOLUME III
Legal Notices | Ix | ||
General Notices | xi-xiv | ||
Preface | xv-xix | ||
Introduction | xxi-xxxiii | ||
1 | Adhaki | Cajanus cajan Millsp | 1-2 |
2 | Aginimantha | Clerodendrum phomidis Linn | 3-4 |
3 | Ambasthaki | Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn | 5-6 |
4 | Amra (Sd.) | Mangifera indica Linn | 7-8 |
5 | Amra (St.Bk.) | Mangifera indica Linn | 9-10 |
6 | Amrata | Spondias pinnata Kurz | 11-12 |
7 | Apamarga | Achyranthes aspera Linn | 13-14 |
8 | Aralu | Ailanthus excelsa Roxb | 15-16 |
9 | Arka | Calotropis procera R. Br. | 17-18 |
10 | Asana | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. | 19-20 |
11 | Asthisamhrta | Cissus quadrangularis Linn | 21-22 |
12 | Atmagupta | Mucuna prurita Hook | 23-24 |
13 | Bharangi | Clerodendrum serratum Linn | 25-26 |
14 | Bijapura | Citrus medica Linn | 27-28 |
15 | Bilva | Aegle marmelos Corr. | 29-31 |
16 | Bimbi | Coccinia indica W. And A. | 32-35 |
17 | Cangeri | Oxalis corniculata Linn | 36-38 |
18 | Cirabilva | Holoptelea integrifolia planch | 39-40 |
19 | Danti | Baliospermum mantanum Mell-sSrg | 41-42 |
20 | Dhattura | Datura metel Linn | 43-44 |
21 | Draksa | Vitis Vinifera linn | 45-46 |
22 | Durva | Vynodon dactylon Pers. | 47-48 |
23 | Eranda (Fr. Lf.) | Ricinus communis Linn | 49-50 |
24 | Eranda (Sd.) | Ricinus communis Linn | 51-52 |
25 | Gambhari | Gmelina arborea Roxb. | 53-54 |
26 | Gojihova | Onosma bracteatum Wall | 55-57 |
27 | Granthiparni | Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Br. | 58-59 |
28 | Hamsapadi | Adiantum lunulatum Brum | 60-62 |
29 | Hapusa | Juniperus communis Linn | 63-64 |
30 | Indravaruni | Citrullus colocynthis Schrad | 65-66 |
31 | Indrayava | Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall | 67-68 |
32 | Isvari | Aristolochia indica Linn | 69-70 |
33 | Jati | Jasminum officinale Linn | 71-72 |
34 | Kadali | Musa paradisiaca Linn | 73-74 |
35 | Kakajangha (Rt.) | Peristrophe bicalysulata Linn | 75-76 |
36 | Kakajangha (Sd.) | Martynia annua Linn | 77-78 |
37 | Kakoli | Lilium polyphyllum D. Don | 79-80 |
38 | Kamala | Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn | 81-83 |
39 | Karavira | Nerium indicum Mill | 84-85 |
40 | Karamarda | Carissa Carandas Linn | 86-87 |
41 | Kasa | Saccharum spontaneum Linn | 88-89 |
42 | Katphala (Frt) | Myrica esulenta Buch-Ham ex D. Don | 90-91 |
43 | Katphala (St.Bk.) | Myrica esulenta Buch-Ham ex D. Don | 92-93 |
44 | Kola (Frt. Pulp) | Zizyphus jujuba Lam | 94-95 |
45 | Kola (St. Bk) | Zizyphus jujuba Lam | 96-97 |
46 | Kosataki | Luffa acutangula Roxb. | 98-101 |
47 | Kumuda | Nymphaea alba Linn | 102-103 |
48 | Kusa | Desmostachya bepinnata Stapf | 104-105 |
49 | Langali | Gloeiosa superba Linn | 106-107 |
50 | Lasuna | Allium sativum Linn | 108-109 |
51 | Mahabala | Sida rhombifolia Linn | 110-111 |
52 | Manjistha | Rubia cordifolia Linn | 112-114 |
53 | Marica | Piper nigrum Linn | 115-117 |
54 | Masaparni | Teramnuisa labialis Spreng | 118-120 |
55 | Masura | Lens culinaris Medic | 121-122 |
56 | mudga | Phaseolus radiatus Linn | 123-124 |
57 | Mulaka | Raphanus sativus Linn | 125-126 |
58 | Munditika | Sphaeranthus indius Linn | 127-128 |
59 | Musta | Cyperus rotundus Linn | 129-130 |
60 | Nagavalli | Piper betle Linn | 131-133 |
61 | Narikela | Cocos nucifera Linn | 134-135 |
62 | Nicula | Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn | 136-137 |
63 | Nili | Indigofera tinctoria Linn | 138-141 |
64 | Nirgundi | Vitex negundo Linn | 142-144 |
65 | Padmaka | Prunus cerasoides D. Don | 145-146 |
66 | Patala | Stereospermum suaveolens DC | 147-148 |
67 | Phalgu (Frt.) | Ficus hispida Linn | 149-150 |
68 | Phalgu (Rt.) | Ficus hispida Linn | 151-152 |
69 | Prapunnada | Cassia tora Linn | 153-154 |
70 | Raktacandana | Pterocarpus santalinus Linn | 155-156 |
71 | Raktapunarnava | Boerhaavia diffusa Linn | 157-158 |
72 | Ramasitalika | Amaranthus tricolour Linn | 159-161 |
73 | Rasna | Pluchea lanceolata Oliver and Hiem | 162-164 |
74 | Sahacara | Barleria prionitis Linn | 165-168 |
75 | Sahadevi | Vernonia cinerea Lees | 169-171 |
76 | Saileya | Parmelia perlata Ach. | 172-173 |
77 | Saka | Tectona grandis Linn | 174-175 |
78 | Sakhotaka | Streclus asper Lour | 176-177 |
79 | Salaparni | Desmodium gangeticum DC | 178-180 |
80 | Sali | Oryza sativa Linn | 181-182 |
81 | Salmali | Bombax ceiba Linn | 183-184 |
82 | Sana | Crotolaria juncea Linn | 185-186 |
83 | Sara | Saccharum bengalense Retz. | 187-188 |
84 | Sarala (Ht.Wd.) | Pinus roxburghii Sargent | 189-190 |
85 | Sarala (Rt.) | Pinus roxburghii Sargent | 191-192 |
86 | Sarsapa | Brassica Campestris Linn | 193-194 |
87 | Satapatrika | Rosa centifolia Linn | 195-196 |
88 | Simsapa (Ht.Wd.) | Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. | 197-198 |
89 | Simsapa (St.Bk.) | Dalbergia sisoo Roxb | 199-200 |
90 | Sirisa | Albizzia lebbeck Benth | 201-202 |
91 | Sthauneya | Taxus baccata Linn | 203-204 |
92 | Surana | Amorphophallus campanulatus Blume | 205-206 |
93 | Svetacandana | Santalum album Linn | 207-208 |
94 | Syonaka | Oroxylum indicum Vent | 209-210 |
95 | Tala | Borassus flabellifer Linn | 211-212 |
96 | Trivrt | Operculina turpethum Silva Manso | 213-214 |
97 | Tumbini | Lagenaria seceraria Standl. | 215-216 |
98 | Udumbara | Ficus glomerata Roxb | 217-218 |
99 | Usira | Vetieria zizanioides Nash | 219-220 |
100 | Utpala | Nymphoea stellata Willd | 221-223 |
1.1 | Apparatus for Test and Assays | 224-226 |
Appendix 2 | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 227-233 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugs | 233-240 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 241-249 |
Appendix 3 | ||
3.1 | Physical Tests of Determination | 250-252 |
Appendix 4 | ||
4.1 | Reagents and Solutions | 253-305 |
Appendix 5 | ||
5.1 | Weights and Measures | 306 |
5.2 | Approximate Equivalents of does in Indian System and Metric System | |
Appendix 6 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 412-434 |
Index | ||
English equivalents of Ayurvedic clinical conditions and diseases | 435-453 | |
Definition of Rasa | 454 | |
Definition of Guna | 454 | |
Definition of Vipaka | 455 | |
Definition of Virya | 455 |
VOLUME IV
Legal Notices | Ix | ||
General Notices | xi-xiv | ||
Preface | xv-xix | ||
Introduction | xxi-xxxiii | ||
1 | Adhaki | Cajanus cajan Millsp | 1-3 |
2 | Agaru | Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. | 4-5 |
3 | Aklari | Lodoicea maldivica Pers. | 6-7 |
4 | Aparajita | Clitoria ternatea Linn | 8-9 |
5 | Atmagupta | Mucuna prurita Hook | 10-11 |
6 | Bilva | Aegle marmelos Corr. | 12-13 |
7 | Champaka | Michelia champaca Linn | 14-15 |
8 | Cinca | Tamarindus indica Linn | 16-17 |
9 | Dadima (Fr. Fruit) | Punica granatum Linn | 18 |
10 | Dadima (Ft. Rind) | Punica granatum Linn | 19-20 |
11 | Dadima (Lf.) | Punica granatum Linn | 21-22 |
12 | Devadaru | Cedrus deodara Loud | 23-24 |
13 | Dhattura | Datura metel Linn | 25-27 |
14 | Durva | Cynodon dactylon | 28-30 |
15 | gambhari | Gmelina arborea Linn | 30-32 |
16 | Iksu | Saccharum oficinarum Linn | 33-34 |
17 | Kadali | Musa paradisiacal Linn | 35-36 |
18 | Karcura | Curcuma zedoaria Rosc | 37-38 |
19 | Kasturilatika | Hibiscus abelmoschus Linn | 39-40 |
20 | Kataka | Strychnos potatorum Linn | 41-42 |
21 | Kharjura (Drd. Ft.) | Phoenix Dactylifera Linn | 43-44 |
22 | Kharjura (Fr. Ft.) | Phoenix Dactylifera Linn | 45-46 |
23 | Krsnasariva | Cryptolepis buchanani Roem and Schult | 47-49 |
24 | Kunduru | Boswellia Serrata Roxb. | 50-51 |
25 | Kunkuma | Crocus sativus Linn | 52-54 |
26 | Kusmanda | Benincasa hispida Cogn | 55-56 |
27 | Madayanti | Lawsonia ineris Linn | 57-58 |
28 | Mahanimba | Melia azedarach Linn | 59-60 |
29 | Mandukaparni | Centella asiatica Urban | 61-63 |
30 | Mayakku | Quercus infectoria Oliv | 64-66 |
31 | Mudgaparni | Vigna trilobata Verdc | 67-69 |
32 | Munditika | Sphaeranthus indicus Linn | 70-72 |
33 | Nayagrodha Jata | Ficus Bengalensis Linn | 73-74 |
34 | Nimbu | Citrus limon Burm. F. | 75 |
35 | Nirgundi | Vitex negundo Linn | 76-77 |
36 | Palasa (Fl.) | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 78-79 |
37 | Palasa (Gum) | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 80-81 |
38 | Palasa (Sd.) | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 82-83 |
39 | Parpata | Fumaria parviflora Lam | 84-86 |
40 | Patalai | Stereospermum chelonoides DC | 87-88 |
41 | Pattanga | Caesaplinia sappan Linn | 89-90 |
42 | Pippali | Piper Longum Linn | 91-92 |
43 | Plaksa | Ficus lacor Buch-Ham | 93-94 |
44 | Priyala | Buchanania lanzan Spreng | 95-96 |
45 | Priyangu | Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl | 97-98 |
46 | Prsniparni | Uraria picta desv | 99-101 |
47 | Puskara | Inula racemosa Hook | 102-103 |
48 | Rudraksa | Elaeocarpus sphaericus Gaertn. K. Schum | 104-105 |
49 | Saraja | Vateria Indica Linn | 106-107 |
50 | Satavari | Asparagus recemousus Wlld | 108-109 |
51 | Sigru (Rt. Bk.) | Moringa Oleifera Lam | 110-111 |
52 | Sigru (Sd.) | Moringa Oleifera Lam | 112-113 |
53 | Sigru (St. Bk.) | Moringa Oleifera Lam | 114-115 |
54 | Srngataka | Trapa natans Linn | 116-117 |
55 | Sruvavrksa (Lf.) | Flacourtia indica Merr | 118-119 |
56 | Sruvavrksa (St. Bk.) | Flacourtia indica Merr | 120-121 |
57 | Talamuli | Curculigo orchiodies Gaertn | 122-123 |
58 | Talisa | Abies webbiana Lindl. | 124-125 |
59 | Tila | Sesamum indicum Linn | 126-127 |
60 | Tulasi | Ocimum sanctum Linn | 128-129 |
61 | Tumburu | Zanthoxylum armatum DC | 130-131 |
62 | Utingana | Blepharis persica O. Kuntze | 132-133 |
63 | Varahi | Dioscorea buldifera Linn | 134-135 |
64 | Varsabhu | Triantheman portulacastrum Linn | 136-137 |
65 | Vasa | Adhatoda zeylanica Medic | 138-139 |
66 | Visamusti | Strychnos nux-Vomica Linn | 140-142 |
67 | Vrscikalli | Tragia involucrate Linn | 143-145 |
68 | Yava | Hordeum vulgare Linn | 146-148 |
1.1 | Apparatus for Test and Assays | 149-151 |
Appendix 2 | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 152-158 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugs | 158-165 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 166-174 |
Appendix 3 | ||
3.1 | Physical Tests of Determination | 175-177 |
Appendix 4 | ||
4.1 | Reagents and Solutions | 178-230 |
Appendix 5 | 231 | |
5.1 | Weights and Measures | |
5.2 | Approximate Equivalents of does in Indian System and Metric System | |
Appendix 6 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 232-339 |
Index | 340-355 |
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is a legal document of standards for the quality of Ayurvedic drugs and substances included therein. This 4th Volume consists of 68 monographs on single drugs of plant origin. Pharmacognostical chemical and Ayurvedic are described in detail in each monograph.
Each monograph describes macroscopic, microscopic character along with their chemical standards of identity, permissible limit of foreign matter, purity and strength and have been developed on the protocol developed and approved by the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia Committee. It also prescribes about total ash value, acid insoluble extractive water-soluble extractive and chromatographic pattern of TLC. All this work was carried out in Pharmacopoeia Lab. of Indian Medicine. The data has been finalized after confirmation of various samples obtained from different agro-climatic zones by the cross-section of experienced scientists in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee and after careful scientific scrutiny. The standards have been consciously kept modest so that its implementation by the manufacturing companies becomes easily acceptable in order to maintain quality control and batch uniformity. However efforts of the manufactures should be to maintain higher standards of quality.
Ayurvedic pharmacological properties like Rasa, Guna, Virya etc. are also mentioned in each monograph along with their therapeutic uses, some of the important classical formulations and therapeutic dose.
Appendix of this volume contains the details of the protocols used in determination of various scientific standards. References of ancient Ayurvedic literature in its original form are added, in order to authenticate the Ayurvedic statements made in each monograph.
In the end English equivalents of Ayurvedic term have been given to make the volume user friendly for all people who work in the are of Ayurveda drugs and who are not conversant with Sanskrit terminology.
In general this book is more user friendly for scientists, manufacturers, students involved in drug quality testing of Ayurvedic medicines, teachers of Drvyaguna research scholars, physicians of Ayurveda and many others who have interest in the quality standards of Ayurvedic medicines.
This book is included in the 1st schedule of Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940. Manufactures are required to follow pharmacopoeial standards as these are mandatory requirement under the Act.
Foreword:
This is a global demand for natural plant based products including Ayurvedic medicines for various health problems. Therefore the associated issues of quality and standards of Ayurvedic drugs are very important. It is equally important to ensure the efficacy of the drugs to increase the faith of the users. For the implementation of the provisions relation to Ayurvedic medicines in the Drugs and cosmetics Act, 1940 and the Rules there under it was considered necessary to work out scientific quality standards of drugs of these systems. The pharmacopoeial Lab. for Indian Medicine Ghaziabad has been constantly working since 1970 to develop standards of quality, purity and strengths of Ayurvedic drugs. This Lab. is guided by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee having experts of Ayurveda, pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, inorganic Chemistry and Pharmacy. On the advice of APC and scientific data generated by PILM the work on developing pharmacopoeia of India containing monographs of Ayurvedic drugs on scientific parameters.
VOLUME I
Legal Notices | Xi | ||
General Notices | Xiii | ||
Preface | Xvii | ||
Introduction | Xxi | ||
1 | Ajagandha | Cleome gynandra Linn | 1 |
2 | Ajamoda | Apium leptophyllum F.V.M. ex. Benth | 2 |
3 | Amalaki | Emblica officinalis Gaertn | 4 |
4 | Amalaki | Emblica officinalis Gaertn | 5 |
5 | Aragavadha | Cassia Fistula Linn | 7 |
6 | Arka (Rt.) | Calotropis procera R. Br. | 8 |
7 | Arka (Lf.) | Calotropis Procera R. Br. | 10 |
8 | Asana (Ht.Wd.) | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. | 12 |
9 | Ashoka (St. Bk.) | Saraca asoca DC. Willd | 14 |
10 | Asvagandha (Rt.) | Withania somnifera Dunal | 15 |
11 | Asvattha (Bk) | Ficus religiosa Linn | 17 |
12 | Atasi | Linum usitatissimum Linn. | 19 |
13 | Atibala (Rt.) | Abutilon indicum (Linn) Sw | 20 |
14 | Ativisa (Rt) | Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex Royle | 22 |
15 | Babbula (St.Bk.) | Acacia nilotica Willd. Ex Del. Sp. Indica Brenan | 24 |
16 | Bakuci (Frt) | Psoralea Corylifolia Linn. | 25 |
17 | Bibhitaka (Frt.) | Terminalia belerica Roxb. | 26 |
18 | Bilva (Frt. Pulp) | Aegle marmelos Corr. | 27 |
19 | Candrasura (Sd.) | Lepidium sativum Linn | 28 |
20 | Citraka (Rt.) | Plumbago zeylanica Linn | 29 |
21 | Dhanyaka (Frt.) | Coriandrum sativum Linn 30 | |
22 | Dhataki (Fl) | Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz | 32 |
23 | Eranda (Rt.) | Ricinus communis Linn | 34 |
24 | Gambhari (Rt. Bk.) | Gmelina arborea Roxb. | 36 |
25 | Goksura (Rt) | Tribulus terrestris Linn | 38 |
26 | Goksura (Frt) | Tribulus terrestris Linn | 40 |
27 | Guduci (St.) | Tinospora cordifolia Miers. | 41 |
28 | Guggulu | Commiphora wightti Bhand. | 43 |
29 | Gunja (Sd.) | Abrus precatorius Linn | 44 |
30 | Haridra (Rz.) | Curcuma longa Linn | 45 |
31 | Haritaki (Frt) | Terminalia chebula Retz. | 47 |
32 | Hingu | Gerula foetida Regel | 49 |
33 | Jatamansi | Nardostachys jatamansi DC | 51 |
34 | Jatiphala (Sd) | Myristica fragrans Houtt. | 53 |
35 | Kampilla (Frt) | Mallotus philippinensis Muell-Arg. | 55 |
36 | Kancanara (St. Bk.) | Bauhinia variegate Blume | 56 |
37 | Kankola | Piper cubeda Linn | 58 |
38 | Kantakari | Solanum surattense Burm. f. | 59 |
39 | Kanyasara (Lf.) | Aloe barbadensis Mill. | 62 |
40 | Karanja (Sd.) | Pongamia pinnata Merr. | 63 |
41 | Karavira | Nerium indicum Mill | 64 |
42 | Karkatasrngi | Pistacia chinensis Burgo | 66 |
43 | Karpasa | Gossypium herbaceum Linn | 67 |
44 | Kaseru | Scirpus kysoor Roxb. | 68 |
45 | Ketaki | Pandanus tectorius Soland ex Parkinson | 69 |
46 | Khadira | Acacia catechu Willd. | 70 |
47 | Kiratatikta | Swertia chirata Buch-Ham | 71 |
48 | Krsnajiraka | Carum carvi Linn | 73 |
49 | Kulattha | Vigna unquiculata Walp | 75 |
50 | Kustha | Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke | 76 |
51 | Kutaja | Holarrhena antidyasenterica A.DC. | 78 |
52 | Lavanga | Syzygium aromaticum Merr. And M.Perry | 80 |
53 | Lodhra | Symplocos racemosa Roxb. | 82 |
54 | Madana | Xeromphis spinosa Keay | 84 |
55 | Misreya | Foeniculum vulgare Mill | 86 |
56 | Nyagrodha | Ficus bengalensis Linn | 88 |
57 | Pasanabheda | Bergenia ciliate sternb | 90 |
58 | Patha | Cissampelos pareira Linn | 92 |
59 | Puga | Areca catechu Linn | 94 |
60 | Punarnava | Boerhaavia diffusa Linn | 95 |
61 | Saptaparna | Alstonia scholaris (Linn) | 97 |
62 | Sati | Hedychium spicatum Ham. Ex Smith | 99 |
63 | Snuhi | Euphorbia neriifolia Linn | 100 |
64 | Suksmaila | Elettaria cardamomum Maton | 101 |
65 | Sunthi | Zingiber officinale Roxb. | 103 |
66 | Svarnapatri | Cassia angustifolia Vahl. | 105 |
67 | Svetajiraka | Cuminum cyminum Linn | 106 |
68 | Sveta Sariva | Hemidesmus indicus (Linn) | 107 |
69 | Tagara | Valeriana wallichii DC | 109 |
70 | Tamalaki | Phyllanthus fraternus Webst | 111 |
71 | Tvak | Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume | 113 |
72 | Tavakapatra | Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Eberm | 115 |
73 | Udumbara | Ficus racemosa Linn | 117 |
74 | Upakuncika | Nigella sativa Linn | 119 |
75 | Varuna | Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham | 120 |
76 | Vasa | Adhatoda vasica Nees | 122 |
77 | Vidanga | Embelia ribes burm f. | 123 |
78 | Vijaya | Cannabis sativa Linn | 125 |
79 | Yasti | Glycyrrihiza glabra Linn | 127 |
80 | Yavani | Trachyspermum ammi Sprague ex Turril | 129 |
1 | Apparatus for Test and Assays | 135 |
1.1 | Nessler cylinder | 135 |
1.2 | Sieves | 135 |
1.3 | Thermometers | 135 |
1.4 | Volumetric Glass-Ware | 136 |
1.5 | Weights and Balances | 136 |
Appendix II | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 137 |
2.1.1 | Systematic Study of Crude Drugs | 137 |
2.1.2 | Microscopic Methods of Examining Crude vegetable Drugs | 137 |
2.1.3 | Types of Stomata | 140 |
2.1.4 | Determination of Stomata Index | 140 |
2.1.5 | Determination of Palisade Ratio | 141 |
2.1.6 | Determination of Vein-Islet Number | 141 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data for Vegetable Drugs | 142 |
2.2.1 | Sampling of Vegetable Drugs | 142 |
2.2.2 | Foreign Matter and Determination of Foreign Matter | 142 |
2.2.3 | Determination of Total Ash | 143 |
2.2.4 | Determination of Acid-Insoluble Ash | 143 |
2.2.5 | Determination of Water-Soluble Ash | 143 |
2.2.6 | Determination of Alcohal-Soluble Extractive | 143 |
2.2.7 | Determination of Water-Soluble Extractive | 143 |
2.2.8 | Determination of Ether-Soluble Extractive | 143 |
2.2.9 | Determination of Moisture Content | 143 |
2.2.10 | Determination of Volatile Oil in Drugs | 143 |
2.2.11 | Special Processes used in Alkaloidal Assays | 146 |
2.2.11-a | Continuous Extraction of Drugs | 146 |
2.2.11-b | Tests for Complete Extraction of Alkaloids | 146 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 147 |
2.3.1 | Limit Test for Arsenic | 147 |
2.3.2 | Limit Test for Clorides | 149 |
2.3.3 | Limit Test for Heavy Metals | 150 |
2.3.4 | Limit Test for Iron | 151 |
2.3.5 | Limit Test for Lead | 152 |
2.3.6 | Sulphated Ash | 152 |
2.3.7 | Limit Test for Sulphates | 153 |
Appendix III | ||
3 | Physical Tests and Determinations | 154 |
3.1 | Determination of Boiling or Distilling Range | 154 |
3.2 | Determination of Congealing Range or Temperature | 155 |
3.3 | Determination of pH Value | 156 |
3.4 | Determination of Melting Range or Melting Temperature | 157 |
3.5 | Optical Rotation and Specific Optical Rotation | 158 |
3.6 | Powder Fineness | 160 |
3.7 | Refractive Fineness | 161 |
3.8 | Weight Per Millilitre and Specific Gravity | 161 |
Appendix IV | ||
4 | Reagents and Solutions | 162 |
Appendix V | ||
5 | General Informations | 199 |
5.1 | Sodhana of Crude Drugs | 199 |
5.2 | Definition and Method of Preparing of Kvatha or Decoction | 199 |
Appendix VI | ||
6.1 | Weights and Measures | 201 |
6.2 | Definition and Method of Preparing of Kvatha or Decoction | 199 |
Appendix VII | ||
7 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 203 |
Index | 215 | |
English equivalents of Ayurvedic Clinical Conditions and Diseases | 235 | |
Monograph published in Volume-II | 257 | |
Monograph published n Volume III | 259 |
VOLUME II
Legal Notices | Viii | ||
General Notices | ix-xii | ||
Preface | xiii-xvii | ||
Introduction | xix-xxix | ||
1 | Akarakarabha | Anacyclus pyrethrum DC | 1-2 |
2 | Aksoda | Juglans regia Linn | 3-4 |
3 | Amrata | Spondian pinnata Linn. F. Kurz | 5-6 |
4 | Apamarga | Achyranthes aspera Linn | 7-9 |
5 | Aparajita | Clitoria ternatea Linn | 10-11 |
6 | Ardraka | Zingiber officinale Rosc. | 12-14 |
7 | Arimeda | Acacial leucophloea Willd | 15-16 |
8 | Arjuna | Terminalia arjuna W & A | 17-18 |
9 | Bhallataka | Semecarpus anacardium Linn | 19-20 |
10 | Bhrngaraja | Eclipta alba Hassk | 21-24 |
11 | Brahmi | Bacopa monnieri Wettst | 25-26 |
12 | Brhati | Solanum indicum Linn | 27-28 |
13 | Cavya | Piper retrofractum Vahl | 29-30 |
14 | Dadima | Punica granatum Linn | 31-32 |
15 | Daruharidra | Berberis aristata DC | 33-34 |
16 | Dronapuspi | Leucas cephalotes Spreng | 35-37 |
17 | Ervaru | Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Buthie and Fuller | 38-39 |
18 | Gajapippali | Scindapsus officinalis Linn | 40-41 |
19 | Gambhari | Gmelina arborea Roxb | 42-43 |
20 | Gangeru | Grewia tenax Aschers and Schwf | 44-45 |
21 | Gunja | Abrus precatorius Linn | 46-47 |
22 | Iksu | Saccharum officinarum Linn | 48-49 |
23 | Indravaruni (Rt) | Citrullus colocynthis Schrad | 50-51 |
24 | Indravaruni (Lf) | Citrullus colocynthis Schrad | 52-53 |
25 | Jambu (Sd) | Syzygium ciminii Skeels | 54-55 |
26 | Jambu (St. Bk.) | Syzygium ciminii Skeels | 56-57 |
27 | Jayapala Croton tiglium Linn | 58-59 | |
28 | Jayanti | Sesbania sesban Merr. | 60-61 |
29 | Jyotismati | Celastrus paniculatus Willd | 62-63 |
30 | Kadamba | Anthocephalus cadamba Miq | 64-65 |
31 | Kakamaci | Solanum nigrum Linn | 66-68 |
32 | Kamala | Nelumbo nucifera Pongamia Pinnata Merr.Gaertn | 69-70 |
33 | Kapittha | Feronia limonia Swingle | 71-72 |
34 | Karamarda | Carissa Carandas Linn | 73-74 |
35 | Karanja (Rt.Bk.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 75-76 |
36 | Karanja (Rt.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 77-78 |
37 | Karanja (St.Bk.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 79-80 |
38 | Karanja (Lf.) | Pongamia Pinnata Merr. | 81-82 |
39 | Karavallaka | Momordica charatia Linn | 83-84 |
40 | Katuka | Picrorhiza kurroa Royale ex Benth | 85-87 |
41 | Kokilaksa | Asteracantha longifolica Nees | 88-90 |
42 | Kokilaksa | Asteracantha longifolica Nees | 91-92 |
43 | Kokilaksa | Asteracantha longifolica Nees | 93-94 |
44 | Kozuppa | Portulaca oleracea Linn | 95-97 |
45 | Lajjalu | Mimosa Pudica Linn | 98-101 |
46 | Madhuka | Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel | 102-103 |
47 | Matsyaksi | Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. | 104-106 |
48 | Methi | Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Linn | 107-108 |
49 | Mulaka (W.P) | Raphanus Sativus Linn | 109-111 |
50 | Mulaka (Rt.) | Raphanus Sativus Linn | 112-113 |
51 | Mura | Selinum candollei DC | 114-115 |
52 | Murva | Marsdenia Tenacissima Wight.a nd Arn | 116-117 |
53 | Nagakesar | Mesua Gerrea Linn | 118-119 |
54 | Nili (Lf.) | Indigofera tinctoria Linn | 120-121 |
55 | Nili (Rt.) | Indigofera tinctoria Linn | 122-123 |
56 | Nimba (Lf.) | Azadirachta indica A. Juss. | 124-125 |
57 | Nimba (Rt.) | Azadirachta indica A. Juss. | 126-127 |
58 | Palasa | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 128-130 |
59 | Paribhadra | Erythrina indica Lam | 131-132 |
60 | Pippalimula | Piper longum Linn | 133-134 |
61 | Plaksa | Ficus lacor Buch. Ham | 135-136 |
62 | Prasarini | Paederia foetida Linn | 137-140 |
63 | Priyala | Buchanania lanzan Spreng | 141-142 |
64 | Priyangu | Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl | 143-144 |
65 | Sali | Oryza sativa Linn | 145-146 |
66 | Sankhapuspi | Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy | 147-149 |
67 | Saptala | Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam | 150-152 |
68 | Satahva | Aethum sowa Roxb. Ex Flem | 153-154 |
69 | Sigru | Moringa oleifera Lam | 155-157 |
70 | Sthulaela | Amomum subulatum Roxb. | 158-159 |
71 | Tejovati | Zanthoxylum armatum DC | 160-161 |
72 | Tulasi (W.P.) | Ocimum Sanctum Linn | 162-164 |
73 | Tulasi (Lf.) | Ocimum Sanctum Linn | 165-167 |
74 | Vaca | Acorus calamus Linn | 168-170 |
75 | Vatsanabha | Aconitum chasmanthum stapf Ex Holmes | 171-172 |
76 | Vidari | Pueraria tuberose DC | 173-174 |
77 | Yava | Hordeum Vulgare Linn | 175-176 |
78 | Yavasaka | Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv. | 177-179 |
Appendix 1 | ||
1.1 | Apparatus for Tests and Assays | 180-182 |
Appendix 2 | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 183-189 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data for vegetable Drugs | 189-196 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 197-205 |
Appendix 3 | ||
3.1 | Physical Tests and Determinations | 205-208 |
Appendix 4 | ||
4.1 | Reagents and Solutions | 209-261 |
Appendix 5 | ||
5.1 | Weighs and Measure | 262 |
5.2 | Approximate Equivalents of Does in Indian System and Metric System | |
Appendix 6 | ||
6.1 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 263-348 |
Index | 349-368 |
VOLUME III
Legal Notices | Ix | ||
General Notices | xi-xiv | ||
Preface | xv-xix | ||
Introduction | xxi-xxxiii | ||
1 | Adhaki | Cajanus cajan Millsp | 1-2 |
2 | Aginimantha | Clerodendrum phomidis Linn | 3-4 |
3 | Ambasthaki | Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn | 5-6 |
4 | Amra (Sd.) | Mangifera indica Linn | 7-8 |
5 | Amra (St.Bk.) | Mangifera indica Linn | 9-10 |
6 | Amrata | Spondias pinnata Kurz | 11-12 |
7 | Apamarga | Achyranthes aspera Linn | 13-14 |
8 | Aralu | Ailanthus excelsa Roxb | 15-16 |
9 | Arka | Calotropis procera R. Br. | 17-18 |
10 | Asana | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. | 19-20 |
11 | Asthisamhrta | Cissus quadrangularis Linn | 21-22 |
12 | Atmagupta | Mucuna prurita Hook | 23-24 |
13 | Bharangi | Clerodendrum serratum Linn | 25-26 |
14 | Bijapura | Citrus medica Linn | 27-28 |
15 | Bilva | Aegle marmelos Corr. | 29-31 |
16 | Bimbi | Coccinia indica W. And A. | 32-35 |
17 | Cangeri | Oxalis corniculata Linn | 36-38 |
18 | Cirabilva | Holoptelea integrifolia planch | 39-40 |
19 | Danti | Baliospermum mantanum Mell-sSrg | 41-42 |
20 | Dhattura | Datura metel Linn | 43-44 |
21 | Draksa | Vitis Vinifera linn | 45-46 |
22 | Durva | Vynodon dactylon Pers. | 47-48 |
23 | Eranda (Fr. Lf.) | Ricinus communis Linn | 49-50 |
24 | Eranda (Sd.) | Ricinus communis Linn | 51-52 |
25 | Gambhari | Gmelina arborea Roxb. | 53-54 |
26 | Gojihova | Onosma bracteatum Wall | 55-57 |
27 | Granthiparni | Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Br. | 58-59 |
28 | Hamsapadi | Adiantum lunulatum Brum | 60-62 |
29 | Hapusa | Juniperus communis Linn | 63-64 |
30 | Indravaruni | Citrullus colocynthis Schrad | 65-66 |
31 | Indrayava | Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall | 67-68 |
32 | Isvari | Aristolochia indica Linn | 69-70 |
33 | Jati | Jasminum officinale Linn | 71-72 |
34 | Kadali | Musa paradisiaca Linn | 73-74 |
35 | Kakajangha (Rt.) | Peristrophe bicalysulata Linn | 75-76 |
36 | Kakajangha (Sd.) | Martynia annua Linn | 77-78 |
37 | Kakoli | Lilium polyphyllum D. Don | 79-80 |
38 | Kamala | Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn | 81-83 |
39 | Karavira | Nerium indicum Mill | 84-85 |
40 | Karamarda | Carissa Carandas Linn | 86-87 |
41 | Kasa | Saccharum spontaneum Linn | 88-89 |
42 | Katphala (Frt) | Myrica esulenta Buch-Ham ex D. Don | 90-91 |
43 | Katphala (St.Bk.) | Myrica esulenta Buch-Ham ex D. Don | 92-93 |
44 | Kola (Frt. Pulp) | Zizyphus jujuba Lam | 94-95 |
45 | Kola (St. Bk) | Zizyphus jujuba Lam | 96-97 |
46 | Kosataki | Luffa acutangula Roxb. | 98-101 |
47 | Kumuda | Nymphaea alba Linn | 102-103 |
48 | Kusa | Desmostachya bepinnata Stapf | 104-105 |
49 | Langali | Gloeiosa superba Linn | 106-107 |
50 | Lasuna | Allium sativum Linn | 108-109 |
51 | Mahabala | Sida rhombifolia Linn | 110-111 |
52 | Manjistha | Rubia cordifolia Linn | 112-114 |
53 | Marica | Piper nigrum Linn | 115-117 |
54 | Masaparni | Teramnuisa labialis Spreng | 118-120 |
55 | Masura | Lens culinaris Medic | 121-122 |
56 | mudga | Phaseolus radiatus Linn | 123-124 |
57 | Mulaka | Raphanus sativus Linn | 125-126 |
58 | Munditika | Sphaeranthus indius Linn | 127-128 |
59 | Musta | Cyperus rotundus Linn | 129-130 |
60 | Nagavalli | Piper betle Linn | 131-133 |
61 | Narikela | Cocos nucifera Linn | 134-135 |
62 | Nicula | Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn | 136-137 |
63 | Nili | Indigofera tinctoria Linn | 138-141 |
64 | Nirgundi | Vitex negundo Linn | 142-144 |
65 | Padmaka | Prunus cerasoides D. Don | 145-146 |
66 | Patala | Stereospermum suaveolens DC | 147-148 |
67 | Phalgu (Frt.) | Ficus hispida Linn | 149-150 |
68 | Phalgu (Rt.) | Ficus hispida Linn | 151-152 |
69 | Prapunnada | Cassia tora Linn | 153-154 |
70 | Raktacandana | Pterocarpus santalinus Linn | 155-156 |
71 | Raktapunarnava | Boerhaavia diffusa Linn | 157-158 |
72 | Ramasitalika | Amaranthus tricolour Linn | 159-161 |
73 | Rasna | Pluchea lanceolata Oliver and Hiem | 162-164 |
74 | Sahacara | Barleria prionitis Linn | 165-168 |
75 | Sahadevi | Vernonia cinerea Lees | 169-171 |
76 | Saileya | Parmelia perlata Ach. | 172-173 |
77 | Saka | Tectona grandis Linn | 174-175 |
78 | Sakhotaka | Streclus asper Lour | 176-177 |
79 | Salaparni | Desmodium gangeticum DC | 178-180 |
80 | Sali | Oryza sativa Linn | 181-182 |
81 | Salmali | Bombax ceiba Linn | 183-184 |
82 | Sana | Crotolaria juncea Linn | 185-186 |
83 | Sara | Saccharum bengalense Retz. | 187-188 |
84 | Sarala (Ht.Wd.) | Pinus roxburghii Sargent | 189-190 |
85 | Sarala (Rt.) | Pinus roxburghii Sargent | 191-192 |
86 | Sarsapa | Brassica Campestris Linn | 193-194 |
87 | Satapatrika | Rosa centifolia Linn | 195-196 |
88 | Simsapa (Ht.Wd.) | Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. | 197-198 |
89 | Simsapa (St.Bk.) | Dalbergia sisoo Roxb | 199-200 |
90 | Sirisa | Albizzia lebbeck Benth | 201-202 |
91 | Sthauneya | Taxus baccata Linn | 203-204 |
92 | Surana | Amorphophallus campanulatus Blume | 205-206 |
93 | Svetacandana | Santalum album Linn | 207-208 |
94 | Syonaka | Oroxylum indicum Vent | 209-210 |
95 | Tala | Borassus flabellifer Linn | 211-212 |
96 | Trivrt | Operculina turpethum Silva Manso | 213-214 |
97 | Tumbini | Lagenaria seceraria Standl. | 215-216 |
98 | Udumbara | Ficus glomerata Roxb | 217-218 |
99 | Usira | Vetieria zizanioides Nash | 219-220 |
100 | Utpala | Nymphoea stellata Willd | 221-223 |
1.1 | Apparatus for Test and Assays | 224-226 |
Appendix 2 | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 227-233 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugs | 233-240 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 241-249 |
Appendix 3 | ||
3.1 | Physical Tests of Determination | 250-252 |
Appendix 4 | ||
4.1 | Reagents and Solutions | 253-305 |
Appendix 5 | ||
5.1 | Weights and Measures | 306 |
5.2 | Approximate Equivalents of does in Indian System and Metric System | |
Appendix 6 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 412-434 |
Index | ||
English equivalents of Ayurvedic clinical conditions and diseases | 435-453 | |
Definition of Rasa | 454 | |
Definition of Guna | 454 | |
Definition of Vipaka | 455 | |
Definition of Virya | 455 |
VOLUME IV
Legal Notices | Ix | ||
General Notices | xi-xiv | ||
Preface | xv-xix | ||
Introduction | xxi-xxxiii | ||
1 | Adhaki | Cajanus cajan Millsp | 1-3 |
2 | Agaru | Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. | 4-5 |
3 | Aklari | Lodoicea maldivica Pers. | 6-7 |
4 | Aparajita | Clitoria ternatea Linn | 8-9 |
5 | Atmagupta | Mucuna prurita Hook | 10-11 |
6 | Bilva | Aegle marmelos Corr. | 12-13 |
7 | Champaka | Michelia champaca Linn | 14-15 |
8 | Cinca | Tamarindus indica Linn | 16-17 |
9 | Dadima (Fr. Fruit) | Punica granatum Linn | 18 |
10 | Dadima (Ft. Rind) | Punica granatum Linn | 19-20 |
11 | Dadima (Lf.) | Punica granatum Linn | 21-22 |
12 | Devadaru | Cedrus deodara Loud | 23-24 |
13 | Dhattura | Datura metel Linn | 25-27 |
14 | Durva | Cynodon dactylon | 28-30 |
15 | gambhari | Gmelina arborea Linn | 30-32 |
16 | Iksu | Saccharum oficinarum Linn | 33-34 |
17 | Kadali | Musa paradisiacal Linn | 35-36 |
18 | Karcura | Curcuma zedoaria Rosc | 37-38 |
19 | Kasturilatika | Hibiscus abelmoschus Linn | 39-40 |
20 | Kataka | Strychnos potatorum Linn | 41-42 |
21 | Kharjura (Drd. Ft.) | Phoenix Dactylifera Linn | 43-44 |
22 | Kharjura (Fr. Ft.) | Phoenix Dactylifera Linn | 45-46 |
23 | Krsnasariva | Cryptolepis buchanani Roem and Schult | 47-49 |
24 | Kunduru | Boswellia Serrata Roxb. | 50-51 |
25 | Kunkuma | Crocus sativus Linn | 52-54 |
26 | Kusmanda | Benincasa hispida Cogn | 55-56 |
27 | Madayanti | Lawsonia ineris Linn | 57-58 |
28 | Mahanimba | Melia azedarach Linn | 59-60 |
29 | Mandukaparni | Centella asiatica Urban | 61-63 |
30 | Mayakku | Quercus infectoria Oliv | 64-66 |
31 | Mudgaparni | Vigna trilobata Verdc | 67-69 |
32 | Munditika | Sphaeranthus indicus Linn | 70-72 |
33 | Nayagrodha Jata | Ficus Bengalensis Linn | 73-74 |
34 | Nimbu | Citrus limon Burm. F. | 75 |
35 | Nirgundi | Vitex negundo Linn | 76-77 |
36 | Palasa (Fl.) | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 78-79 |
37 | Palasa (Gum) | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 80-81 |
38 | Palasa (Sd.) | Butea monosperma Kuntze | 82-83 |
39 | Parpata | Fumaria parviflora Lam | 84-86 |
40 | Patalai | Stereospermum chelonoides DC | 87-88 |
41 | Pattanga | Caesaplinia sappan Linn | 89-90 |
42 | Pippali | Piper Longum Linn | 91-92 |
43 | Plaksa | Ficus lacor Buch-Ham | 93-94 |
44 | Priyala | Buchanania lanzan Spreng | 95-96 |
45 | Priyangu | Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl | 97-98 |
46 | Prsniparni | Uraria picta desv | 99-101 |
47 | Puskara | Inula racemosa Hook | 102-103 |
48 | Rudraksa | Elaeocarpus sphaericus Gaertn. K. Schum | 104-105 |
49 | Saraja | Vateria Indica Linn | 106-107 |
50 | Satavari | Asparagus recemousus Wlld | 108-109 |
51 | Sigru (Rt. Bk.) | Moringa Oleifera Lam | 110-111 |
52 | Sigru (Sd.) | Moringa Oleifera Lam | 112-113 |
53 | Sigru (St. Bk.) | Moringa Oleifera Lam | 114-115 |
54 | Srngataka | Trapa natans Linn | 116-117 |
55 | Sruvavrksa (Lf.) | Flacourtia indica Merr | 118-119 |
56 | Sruvavrksa (St. Bk.) | Flacourtia indica Merr | 120-121 |
57 | Talamuli | Curculigo orchiodies Gaertn | 122-123 |
58 | Talisa | Abies webbiana Lindl. | 124-125 |
59 | Tila | Sesamum indicum Linn | 126-127 |
60 | Tulasi | Ocimum sanctum Linn | 128-129 |
61 | Tumburu | Zanthoxylum armatum DC | 130-131 |
62 | Utingana | Blepharis persica O. Kuntze | 132-133 |
63 | Varahi | Dioscorea buldifera Linn | 134-135 |
64 | Varsabhu | Triantheman portulacastrum Linn | 136-137 |
65 | Vasa | Adhatoda zeylanica Medic | 138-139 |
66 | Visamusti | Strychnos nux-Vomica Linn | 140-142 |
67 | Vrscikalli | Tragia involucrate Linn | 143-145 |
68 | Yava | Hordeum vulgare Linn | 146-148 |
1.1 | Apparatus for Test and Assays | 149-151 |
Appendix 2 | ||
2.1 | Testing of Drugs | 152-158 |
2.2 | Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugs | 158-165 |
2.3 | Limit Tests | 166-174 |
Appendix 3 | ||
3.1 | Physical Tests of Determination | 175-177 |
Appendix 4 | ||
4.1 | Reagents and Solutions | 178-230 |
Appendix 5 | 231 | |
5.1 | Weights and Measures | |
5.2 | Approximate Equivalents of does in Indian System and Metric System | |
Appendix 6 | Classical Ayurvedic References | 232-339 |
Index | 340-355 |