Elements of Research Methodology in Sanskrit (Course Book of M. phil)

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by Dr. Keshab Chandra Dash

Description

Preface

Modern researches don't mean to discard the past. But it reshapes the authority of the past. It builds up a system afresh. It provides insight to create novelty out of the debris of antiquity.

No research is an end itself. Not even a theory is absolute. Because a piece of research realizes the limitation of human intellect. The methodological strategy, however, recognizes a claim of discovering and rediscovering the truth and utilizing the same wherever possible.

Research in method of Sanskrit teaching and research is more important than the teaching and research of Sanskrit to-day. To such a cause, this book is just the first work. Although it is written to provide some lights on the methodology of Sanskrit-researches it also contains facts of common interest. This presents a panoramic view of entire framework of research methodology.

The present shape of this book is an outcome of my experience as a guide of M. Phil and Ph. D. scholars who have a limited background of research methodology.

My acknowledgements are due to those whose inspirations are at the root of this work.

First of all, I gratefully acknowledge my debt to the Bhogilal Leherchand Institute of Indology, Delhi for its scholarly assistance to pursue research in my field. This book is a part of the result of such an incentive.

I sincerely express my deep sense of gratitude to Professor G. C. Nayak, Vice-Chancellor, and Shri S.K. Dashchoudhury, Comptroller of Finance, Shri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidyalaya, Puri for their wise advice.

Finally, I enjoy my feelings of appreciation of the assistance rendered by my wife Smt. Subhadra Dash while preparing this book.

About the Book

Modern researches don't mean to discard the past. But it reshapes the authority of the past. It builds up a system afresh. It provides insight to create novelty out of the debris of antiquity.

The present shape of this book is an outcome of author's experience as a guide of M. Phil and Ph.D. scholars who have a limited background of research methodology.

Contents

	Preface
	INTRODUCTION	3
0.	Linguistic contribution of Sanskrit	3
0.1	Link Language Problem	3
0.2	Indian Literature	4
0.3	Common Inheritance	5
0.4	Sanskrit and Asian Studies	7
0.5	Modern Sanskrit Literature	7
0.5.1	Modern Sanskrit Novel	8
0.5.2	Modern Sanskrit Drama	9
0.5.3	Modern Sanskrit Poetry	9
0.5.3.1	The Background	10
0.5.3.2	Who are the Poets?	11
0.5.3.3	The Publication	11
0.5.3.4	Journals and Magazines	11
0.5.3.5	Readers	12
0.6	Sanskrit Magazines	12
0.6.1	Thematic Approach	14
0.6.2	Didactic Approach	14
0.6.3	Co-ordinative Approach	14
0.6.4	Stylistic Approach	15
0.6.5	Ling for Missing-Link Approach	15
0.7	Modern Sanskrit Style	16
0.8	Sanskrit and Computer	16
0.9	Conclusion	17
0.1	FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH	18
1.0	Introduction	18
1.1	What is Research?	18
1.2	The Characteristics of Research	18
1.3	Aim of Research	19
1.4	Scope of Research	20
1.5	The Problem and the Field	20
1.6	Bibliographical Source	21
1.7	Types of Research	22
1.7.1	Analytical	23
1.7.2	Comparative	23
1.7.3	Critical	24
1.7.4	Editing	24
1.7.5	Experimental	24
1.7.6	Historical	25
1.7.7	Interdisciplinary	25
1.7.8	Multidisciplinary	25
1.7.9	Objective	26
1.7.10	Survey	26
1.8	Qualifications for Research in Sanskrit	27
1.8.1	Specialisation and Proficiency	27
1.8.2	Command over the Language	27
1.9	Selection of Topic	28
1.10	The Synopsis	28
1.10.1	Kinds of Synopses	29
1.10.2	The Frame work of a Synopsis	29
2	RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY	31
2.1	Ancient Devices	31
2.1.1	atikrantaveksana	32
2.1.2	atidesa	32
2.1.3	adhikarana	32
2.1.4	anagataveksana	33
2.1.5	anumata	33
2.1.6	apadesa	33
2.1.7	apavarga	33
2.1.8	arthapatti	33
2.1.9	uttarapaksa	33
2.1.10	uddesa	33
2.1.11	uddhara	34
2.1.12	upadesa	34
2.1.13	upamana	34
2.1.14	uhya	34
2.1.15	ekanta	34
2.1.16	drstanta	34
2.1.17	nidarsana	34
2.1.18	niyoga	34
2.1.19	nirnaya	35
2.1.20	nirdesa	35
2.1.21	nirvacana	35
2.1.22	naikanta	35
2.1.23	padartha	35
2.1.24	purvakaksa	35
2.1.25	pratyutsara	35
2.1.26	pradesa	35
2.1.27	prayojana	36
2.1.28	prasanga	36
2.1.29	yoga	36
2.1.30	vakyasesa	36
2.1.31	vikalpa	36
2.1.32	vidhana	36
2.1.33	viparyaya	36
2.1.34	vyakhyana	37
2.1.35	samsaya	37
2.1.36	samuccaya	37
2.1.36	samuccaya	37
2.1.37	sambhava	37
2.1.38	svas amjna	37
2.1.39	hetvartha	37
2.2	Modern Methods	37
2.2.1	Applied	38
2.2.2	Assessment	38
2.2.3	Case Study	38
2.2.4	Descriptive	39
2.2.5	Formulative	39
2.2.6	Projective	39
2.3	Frame work of Survey	39
2.4	Research Design	41
3.	DOCUMENTATION	43
3.1	Organisation	43
3.2	Logic of Footnotes	44
3.3	Primary Footnotes	45
3.4	Footnote Numbers	46
3.5	Model Footnotes	48
3.6	Articles in Periodicals	48
3.6.1	Model Footnotes for Articles:	48
3.7	Parenthetical Documentation	48
3.8	Secondary Footnotes	49
3.9	Common Abbreviations	49
3.10	Transliteration	50
3.11	Cross-reference	51
4.	MANUSCRIPTOLOGY	52
4.0	Introduction	52
4.1	Nature of Manuscript	52
4.2	Collection and Preservation	52
4.2.1	Procedure of Preservation	53
4.2.1.0	Microfilming	53
4.3.	Descriptive catalogue	54
4.3.1	Procedure of Description	55
4.4	Critical Edition	57
4.4.1	Critical Apparatus	58
4.4.2	The Editor	58
4.4.3.	Method of Editing	59
4.4.3.0	Collation and Corruption	59
4.4.3.0.1	Haphazardness and Efforts to Eliminate it:	60
4.4.3.0.2	Lapses	60
4.4.4	Recording the Observation	61
4.4.4.0	Source	61
4.4.4.1	Nature	62
4.4.4.2	Selection	62
4.4.4.3	Method	62
4.4.4.4	The Text	62
4.4.4.5	The Author	63
4.4.4.6	Conclusion	63
4.4.4.7	Appendix	63
5	PRESENTATION	65
5.0	General Structure of the Thesis.	65
5.0.1	Preliminary structure	65
5.0.2	Central Structure	65
5.0.3	Reference Structure	65
5.0.1.1	Title Page	66
5.0.1.2	Acknowledgement Page	66
5.0.1.3	Preface	66
5.0.1.4	Table of Contents	67
5.0.2.1	Introduction	67
5.0.2.2	Main Body and Chapters	67
5.0.2.3	Conclusion	68
5.0.3.1	General Notes	69
5.0.3.2	Bibliography	69
5.0.3.3	Appendix	70
5.0.3.4	Glossary	71
5.0.3.5	Index	71
5.0.4.	Illustrations	71
5.0.4.1	Tables	71
5.0.4.2	Figures	72
5.0.5	Quotations	72
5.1	Mechanism of Typing	73
5.2	Language and Style.	75
6	TRANSLATION	77
6.1	Approach	78
6.2	Transposition and Naturalness	79
6.3	Procedure	79
6.4	Final Step	80
7	PROJECT PROPOSAL	81
8	Appendix-'A'	83
	List of Important Institutions	83
9	Appendix-'B'	85
	List of Some Foreign Research Journals	85
10	Appendix-'C'	87
	List of Important Sanskrit Magazines	87
	SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY	89

Elements of Research Methodology in Sanskrit (Course Book of M. phil)

by Dr. Keshab Chandra Dash

Item Code:

IDK666

Cover:

Hardcover

Edition:

1992

Publisher:

Chaukhambha Publications

Size:

9.8" X 7.3"

Pages:

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Preface

Modern researches don't mean to discard the past. But it reshapes the authority of the past. It builds up a system afresh. It provides insight to create novelty out of the debris of antiquity.

The present shape of this book is an outcome of my experience as a guide of M. Phil and Ph. D. scholars who have a limited background of research methodology.

My acknowledgements are due to those whose inspirations are at the root of this work.

Finally, I enjoy my feelings of appreciation of the assistance rendered by my wife Smt. Subhadra Dash while preparing this book.

About the Book

Modern researches don't mean to discard the past. But it reshapes the authority of the past. It builds up a system afresh. It provides insight to create novelty out of the debris of antiquity.

The present shape of this book is an outcome of author's experience as a guide of M. Phil and Ph.D. scholars who have a limited background of research methodology.

Contents

	Preface
	INTRODUCTION	3
0.	Linguistic contribution of Sanskrit	3
0.1	Link Language Problem	3
0.2	Indian Literature	4
0.3	Common Inheritance	5
0.4	Sanskrit and Asian Studies	7
0.5	Modern Sanskrit Literature	7
0.5.1	Modern Sanskrit Novel	8
0.5.2	Modern Sanskrit Drama	9
0.5.3	Modern Sanskrit Poetry	9
0.5.3.1	The Background	10
0.5.3.2	Who are the Poets?	11
0.5.3.3	The Publication	11
0.5.3.4	Journals and Magazines	11
0.5.3.5	Readers	12
0.6	Sanskrit Magazines	12
0.6.1	Thematic Approach	14
0.6.2	Didactic Approach	14
0.6.3	Co-ordinative Approach	14
0.6.4	Stylistic Approach	15
0.6.5	Ling for Missing-Link Approach	15
0.7	Modern Sanskrit Style	16
0.8	Sanskrit and Computer	16
0.9	Conclusion	17
0.1	FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH	18
1.0	Introduction	18
1.1	What is Research?	18
1.2	The Characteristics of Research	18
1.3	Aim of Research	19
1.4	Scope of Research	20
1.5	The Problem and the Field	20
1.6	Bibliographical Source	21
1.7	Types of Research	22
1.7.1	Analytical	23
1.7.2	Comparative	23
1.7.3	Critical	24
1.7.4	Editing	24
1.7.5	Experimental	24
1.7.6	Historical	25
1.7.7	Interdisciplinary	25
1.7.8	Multidisciplinary	25
1.7.9	Objective	26
1.7.10	Survey	26
1.8	Qualifications for Research in Sanskrit	27
1.8.1	Specialisation and Proficiency	27
1.8.2	Command over the Language	27
1.9	Selection of Topic	28
1.10	The Synopsis	28
1.10.1	Kinds of Synopses	29
1.10.2	The Frame work of a Synopsis	29
2	RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY	31
2.1	Ancient Devices	31
2.1.1	atikrantaveksana	32
2.1.2	atidesa	32
2.1.3	adhikarana	32
2.1.4	anagataveksana	33
2.1.5	anumata	33
2.1.6	apadesa	33
2.1.7	apavarga	33
2.1.8	arthapatti	33
2.1.9	uttarapaksa	33
2.1.10	uddesa	33
2.1.11	uddhara	34
2.1.12	upadesa	34
2.1.13	upamana	34
2.1.14	uhya	34
2.1.15	ekanta	34
2.1.16	drstanta	34
2.1.17	nidarsana	34
2.1.18	niyoga	34
2.1.19	nirnaya	35
2.1.20	nirdesa	35
2.1.21	nirvacana	35
2.1.22	naikanta	35
2.1.23	padartha	35
2.1.24	purvakaksa	35
2.1.25	pratyutsara	35
2.1.26	pradesa	35
2.1.27	prayojana	36
2.1.28	prasanga	36
2.1.29	yoga	36
2.1.30	vakyasesa	36
2.1.31	vikalpa	36
2.1.32	vidhana	36
2.1.33	viparyaya	36
2.1.34	vyakhyana	37
2.1.35	samsaya	37
2.1.36	samuccaya	37
2.1.36	samuccaya	37
2.1.37	sambhava	37
2.1.38	svas amjna	37
2.1.39	hetvartha	37
2.2	Modern Methods	37
2.2.1	Applied	38
2.2.2	Assessment	38
2.2.3	Case Study	38
2.2.4	Descriptive	39
2.2.5	Formulative	39
2.2.6	Projective	39
2.3	Frame work of Survey	39
2.4	Research Design	41
3.	DOCUMENTATION	43
3.1	Organisation	43
3.2	Logic of Footnotes	44
3.3	Primary Footnotes	45
3.4	Footnote Numbers	46
3.5	Model Footnotes	48
3.6	Articles in Periodicals	48
3.6.1	Model Footnotes for Articles:	48
3.7	Parenthetical Documentation	48
3.8	Secondary Footnotes	49
3.9	Common Abbreviations	49
3.10	Transliteration	50
3.11	Cross-reference	51
4.	MANUSCRIPTOLOGY	52
4.0	Introduction	52
4.1	Nature of Manuscript	52
4.2	Collection and Preservation	52
4.2.1	Procedure of Preservation	53
4.2.1.0	Microfilming	53
4.3.	Descriptive catalogue	54
4.3.1	Procedure of Description	55
4.4	Critical Edition	57
4.4.1	Critical Apparatus	58
4.4.2	The Editor	58
4.4.3.	Method of Editing	59
4.4.3.0	Collation and Corruption	59
4.4.3.0.1	Haphazardness and Efforts to Eliminate it:	60
4.4.3.0.2	Lapses	60
4.4.4	Recording the Observation	61
4.4.4.0	Source	61
4.4.4.1	Nature	62
4.4.4.2	Selection	62
4.4.4.3	Method	62
4.4.4.4	The Text	62
4.4.4.5	The Author	63
4.4.4.6	Conclusion	63
4.4.4.7	Appendix	63
5	PRESENTATION	65
5.0	General Structure of the Thesis.	65
5.0.1	Preliminary structure	65
5.0.2	Central Structure	65
5.0.3	Reference Structure	65
5.0.1.1	Title Page	66
5.0.1.2	Acknowledgement Page	66
5.0.1.3	Preface	66
5.0.1.4	Table of Contents	67
5.0.2.1	Introduction	67
5.0.2.2	Main Body and Chapters	67
5.0.2.3	Conclusion	68
5.0.3.1	General Notes	69
5.0.3.2	Bibliography	69
5.0.3.3	Appendix	70
5.0.3.4	Glossary	71
5.0.3.5	Index	71
5.0.4.	Illustrations	71
5.0.4.1	Tables	71
5.0.4.2	Figures	72
5.0.5	Quotations	72
5.1	Mechanism of Typing	73
5.2	Language and Style.	75
6	TRANSLATION	77
6.1	Approach	78
6.2	Transposition and Naturalness	79
6.3	Procedure	79
6.4	Final Step	80
7	PROJECT PROPOSAL	81
8	Appendix-'A'	83
	List of Important Institutions	83
9	Appendix-'B'	85
	List of Some Foreign Research Journals	85
10	Appendix-'C'	87
	List of Important Sanskrit Magazines	87
	SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY	89

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