Manas: Psychiatry of Ayurveda

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Item Code: IDJ023
Publisher: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office
Author: Dr. Pedaprolu Srinivasa Rao
Edition: 2014
ISBN: 9788170802245
Pages: 148
Cover: Paperback
Other Details 9.5" X 7.2"
Weight 270 gm
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Book Description

PREFACE


MANAS" psychiatry of Ayurveda is compendium of references of ancient psychiatry, which describes almost all possible clinical conditions of psychiatric illnesses quite comparable to modern psychiatry. The mental disorders and specific mental diseases like unmade, Atatvabhinivesa have been explained fully. The book also covers relevant portions of manas in kaya chikitsa of the CCIM syllabus hence will cater the needs of Under Graduate and Post Graduate students. For the every mental disease mentioned in Ayurveda related subject of modern psychiatry explained at the end of each chapter, hence the student can collect much of the information on modern psychiatry. For the convenience of the students a list of all the important topics are included in the appendix. In this book english translation in presented in simple form for better student comprehension on this book. Chapters on Mental health and measures to prevent psychic diseases, manah pariksa and psychiatric problems have been given special emphasis.

I acknowledge with thanks to my colleagues, my students in finding the references, and collecting the material. I thank Sri K. Nagendra Rao, librarian of our college for providing me the necessary books. I wish to acknowledge in particular the help by Sowmya Graphics for typing the Sanskrit and English version. I wish to express heartfealt gratitude for the staff of M/s Chowkhambha, Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, the reputed publishers of Ayurvedic texts, for including this book in their Ayurveda Series.

Introduction

Total Ayurvedic literature available in the context of ancient psychiatry en- visages that it had elaborately described almost all possible clinical conditions of psychiatric illnesses quite comparable to the modern psychiatry. The mental disor- ders and specific mental diseases have been adequately categorised and classified with full details of each disease for ego unmada, apasmara etc.,. The production of Manasa Vikara considered to be by the impairment of general mental functions the presence of weak psyche (alpasatva), vitiation of both saririka and manasa dosa (rajo and tama) and also by the vitiation of manovaha srotas. This may occur firstly as primary involvement of manasa dosa while physical involvement is secondary, or sometimes the primary involvement is saririka dosa and subsequently manasa dosa get involved.

The major categories of mental diseases described such as Unmada compa- rable to dementia and schizophrenia; apasmara to epilepsy, atatvabhinivesa to obcessive compulsive neurosis and mada, madatyaya, murcha and sanyasa are comparable to alcoholism, syncope and unconciousness (coma) respectively .

. Unmada is most elaborately dealt psychiatric disorder and it is emphasised that unwholesome and unhygienic diet, improper behavioural disorders are the important causative factors for the production of psychiatric disorders.

Susruta has identified emotions like krodha, soka, bhaya, harsa, kama etc as the cause for manovikara. Charaka has described it to be as the accrual of-undes- ired objects and loss of desired objects. While describing aetiopathogenesis of unmada emphasis laid on alpasatva (weak psyche) as the cause for the production of psychiatric disease and also stressed the impact of the theory of karma besides the wide range of environmental factors.

The literature available about graha and bhuta resemble psychiatric syn- dromes mentioned in modern psychiatry. Charaka has included these disorders of graha and bhuta under Agantaka unmada, but susruta and vagbhata have de- scribed them under seperate chapter.

The relationship between saririka dosa and manasika dosa has been de- scribed and accordingly the treatment also aimed towards restoration of tridosa balance and should be coupled with correction of mansa dosa. The treatment methods described in Ayurveda classics include daivavyapasraya therapies and Satva vajaya ie. psychotheraoy besides full fledzed yukti vyapasraya chikitsa which is done through drugs diet and counseling. Manasa Vikara resulting from emotional disturbances due to dearrangement of rajo and tamo dosa are treated with psychobehavioural therapy (Satvavajaya chikitsa). If the primary involvement is because of saririka dosa and for subsequent mental impairment the treatment is mainly with drugs and with selective satvavajaya measures. Number of single drugs and compound medya formulations are used in the treatment of mental diseases in Ayurveda.

There is much description is also available regarding the method of exami- nation of psychiatric patient. The method of examination includes Sila (habits and temperment), manah prakriti (constitution) ,Cesta (Psychomotor activity) Acara (conduct and behaviour), buddhi (decision making ability), Smriti (memory), sajna jnana (orientation and responsiveness and bhakti (desire). Pre- ventive measures to keep up the mental helath, and also to prevent the psychriatric problems have been dealt in detail.

 

Table Of Contents

Chapter-I The Concept of Manas and its reference in Ayurveda 1
  Characteristics of Manas 2
  Function of Mind 3
  Manovikara 4
  The importance of Mind in relation to soul 5
  Factors derived from Satva 6
  Manasa Samsparsa 7
  Moksa 8
  Chaturvimsati tatva purusa 8
  Satva pareeksa 9
  Adhyatma guna Sangraha 10
  Manas and Indriyas 11
  Characteristics of Manas 12
  Mind pervades all the sensory organs 12
  Seat or Location of manas 13
  Manovahasrotas 13
  Characteristics of Satva Raja and Tama 14
  Manasa Prakriti (types of mental faculty) 14
  Types of Rajasa individuals 16
  Types of Tamasa individuals 17
  Satva bala (Mental strength 19
  Satva Sara Purusa 20
  Guru Vyadhita Laghu Vyadhita 21
  Manasa Mithyayoga 21
Chapter-II Bhuta with reference to Manovikara 24
Chapter-III Manasa Roga 26
  Psychosomativ diseases 26
  Causative factors for Psychic diseases 27
  Kevala Manovikara 29
  Manoroga due to Bhuta 29
  Manoroga due to Graha 29
  Aetiological factors of Manasa Roga 30
  Prajnaparadha an important causative factor for Manasaroga 31
  Raksa Vidhana 34
  Bhuta as a causative factor for Unmada 37
  Bhuta and graha 38
  Devagana 38
  Causes for attacks of Unmada in human beings 39
  Objectives in Causation on Insanity 42
  General line of treatment for the disorders of Bhuta  
  General line of treatment in Mental Disorders 43
  Daiva Vyapasraya Chikitsa 43
  Yukti Vyaoasraya Chikitsa 43
  Satvavajaya Chikitsa 43
  Treatment Processes for psychic patients 44
  Adravya Bhuta Chikitsa 45
  Dravyabhuta Chikitsa 47
Chapter-IV Unmada 49
  Definition 49
  Mental health or measures to prevent psychic diseases 49
  Pathogenesis Unmada 50
  Classification of Unmada according to Charaka Susruta and Vagbhata 51
  Vataja Unmada 52
  Pittaja Unmada 52
  Kaphaja Unmada 52
  Agantuka Unmada 53
  Poorvarupa of Unmada 53
  General Clinical signs of Unmada 54
  Vatika type of Insanity 54
  Paittika type of Insanity 55
  Slaismika type of Insanity 55
  Sannipatika type of Insanity 56
  Agantuka Unmada 56
  Misdeeds as causes of Insanity 56
  Objectives in Causation of insanity by graha 57
  Seizures 57
  Time of Seizure 59
  System of manifestations of disease 60
  Sadhya Sadhyata 61
  Different types of Unmada according to Vagbhata 63
  Treatment of Nija Unmada 65
  Treatment of Pattika type of Unmada 66
  Raktamokshana 66
  Dhuma Therapy 68
  Clinical Efficacy of old ghee 68
  Treatment of Manasa Vishaja Unmade 69
  Adravya Bhuta Chikitsa 69
  Pathya 71
  Signs of Cure 72
  Drug Formulations Beneficial in Unmada 72
  Anjana Nasya Prayoga 74
  Rasa Ausadhi useful in Unmada 74
  Pathyapathya 75
  Mental Health & Measures to Prevent Psychic Diseases 75
  Dementia 78
  Etiology 78
  Schizophrenia (Avyavasthita chitta) 79
  Treatment 80
Chapter-V Apasmara 81
  Defination 81
  Aetiological factors of Apasmara 82
  Pathogenesis 82
  Characteristic features of Apasmare 83
  Clinical Features of Apasmara according to different Acharyas 83
  Sadhya Sadhyata Apasmara 87
  Exogenous factors of Apasmara 87
  Treatment of Apasmara 88
  Protective Measures of Apasmara 91
  Pathya ahara Vihara of Apasmara 92
  Epilepsy 92
  Atatvabhinivesa 94
Chapter-VI Madya Janita Manasa Vikriti 96
  Madatyaya 98
  Panatyaya 99
  Paramada 99
  Panajeerna 100
  Pana Vibhrama 100
  Effects of excessive intake of Alcohol 100
  Stage of Mada 100
  Treatment of Madatyaya 101
  Dhvamsaka and Viksaya 104
  Alcoholism 104
Chapter-VII Mada Murcha Samnyasa and Bhrama 106
  Mada 106
  Dosic Symptoms of Mada 107
  Drug Abuse 108
  Opoid Use 108
  Cannabinoids 108
  Cocaine Abuse 109
  Amphetamine Abuse 109
  Murcha 110
  Types of Murcha 110
  Samnyasa 112
  Sanjna Prabhodaka Chikitsa 113
  Seethalopachar 116
  Pathya Pathya 117
  Kaumbha ghrta 117
  Bhrama, Vibhrama Avastubodhana 118
  Vertigo 118
Chapter-VIII Apatanaka & Dandapatanaka 120
  Awarana Janya Manasa Vikara Chikitsa 122
  Hysteria 122
Chapter-IX Nidra 124
  Classification of Sleep 124
  Causes of Insomnia 126
  Chikitsa 126
  Ati Nidra (Diva Swapna) 127
  Sleep 127
  Tandra 129
  Klama 130
  Neurasthenia 130
  Alasya 130
  Glani 130
  Gaurava 130
Chapter-X Manovikara 132
  Moha 132
  Krodha 132
  Harsha 133
  Visada 133
  Depression 134
  Lobha 135
  Bhaya 135
  Chittodwega (Anxiety Neurosis) 135
  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Mano granthi) 136
  Phobia 136
  Hypochondriasis (Gadodwega) 137
  Mano Vikshipti (Psychoses) 137
  Persistent Delusional Disorder or Paranoia (Samvibhrama or Sthira Vyamoha) 138
Chapter-XI Manah Pariksa (Psychiatric History & Examination) 139
  Manah (mind) 139
  Buddhi 140
  Smriti 141
  Acara (Conduct) 141
  Chesta 142
  Sajna Jnanam (Orientation) 143
  Bhakti (Desire) 143
  Satvam (Mental Stamina) 143
  Manasa-Prakriti (Psychic Constitution) 144
  Physical Examination 144
Chapter-XII The Psychological problems of aged (Vriddhavastha Janita Mano Vikara) 145
Appendix   146
Sample Pages


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