The Political Behaviour of John C. Calhoun and Mohammad Ali Jinnah- A Comparative Study (An Old and Rare Book)

Email

Whatsapp

Facebook

Pinterest

Twitter

Copy link

History is the study of change. It is a record of human progress from tune immemorial to the present time. The study of history covers all aspects of human behaviour. Changes in the political, social, economic, cultural, institutional and intellectual aspects of human behaviour are the fundamental aspects of the study of history. History can well be described as study of people. The role of individual in history formed the basic theme of human history for a long time Traditional history covered the rise and fall of kingdoms, causes, nature and consequences of battles and war of the kings, queens, nobles, and role of great political leaders. Though the study of history from social, political, economic, cultural, institutional and intellectual point of view is of paramount significance the role of great individual in history cannot be evaded and understimated. Very often great individuals emerged as great national leaders and moulded and guided the destiny of nations. History of a country is the study of great men and women It is they who have moulded it and built it up and it is essential for the people to know something about these personalities in order to understand their contribution to the development of their respective regions or racial and ethnic groups. Frequently various events evolved around great individuals The idea, the concepts, the political philosophy and the capacity of leadership of great men have led to significant changes in the process of historical development. In fact biography is and shall remain an integral part of history of course Greatmen like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun, Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, F. D Roosvelt. Martin D. Luther king Jr and John F. Kennedy in the history of the United States contributed to a great deal to the political, social and institutional development of the nation. In the history of European civilisation Alexander the Great, Julias Caesar. Charles the Great.

Napolean Bonaparte, Otto Von Bismarck, Karl Marx, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Vladimir Ilich Lenin, Sir Winston Churchill and Charles Degaulle played prominent part in the development of their respective nations in particular and in the historical development of Europe in general. In the history of Asta Hammurabi. Akhnation. Asoka the Great. Mahatma Budha. Confucius. Akbar the Great. Mustafa Kamal.

Mahatma Gandhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Raja Shah Pahalwi, Gamal Abdul Nasser, Sunyat Sen, Mao-se-Tung. Sukarno. Tango Abdul Rahman and many other national leaders contributed to a great deal to the progress and development of their respective countries. Consequently the role of individual in the history of human civilization cannot be ignored. Under this assumption study of autobiography and biography form important aspect of historical studies. Inspired by this hypothesis the present research scholar has taken up the study of the political behaviour of John C. Calhoun of the United States and Mohammad Ali Jinnah of India. Though Calhoun lived and worked in America during the first half of the 19th Century and Jinnah prospered and worked during the first half of the 20th Century, both the leaders exhibited identical tendencies of political behaviour. Inspite of the fact that they were separated by time and space there was remarkable parallel in their approach to the political problems of their respective nations. However, there is no evidence of the influence of John C. Calhoun on Mohammad Ali Jinnah, still great deal of similarities and parallels could be located and analysed in their political behaviour.

Comparative history has also emerged as a valuable part of study in social science but there is always danger of oversimplification and generalisation. In persuing comparative analysis of individuals and institutions great precaution and objective approach is to be adopted. Comparative study can be a significant contribution to the field of human knowledge because historical studies cannot be confined to a section or nation as history has to be seen from the point of view of general human progress and development with variations according to the need of circumstances, political development and the compulsions of socio-economic panorma of each region and nation. The present scholar has ventured to analyse and interpret the similarities and variations in the political behaviours and ideas of John C. Calhoun and Mohammad Ali Jinnah to demonstrate that identical historical tendencies can be traced in different regions of the world and in different prominent personalities.

John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) of the United States of America and Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) of India lived and prospered in two different continents and two different periods of history, yet their lives and careers in many respects demonstrated remarkable similarities Both Calhoun and Jinnah came from mercantile family Both of them became famous as leading lawyers. Both of them entered politics after practicing law for some time Both of them began their political career as memebers of legislature of their respective countries.