Goddess Durga and her legends of slaying entire armies of
Asuras (demons) to protect the gods, sages and humans are a popular theme in
Hindu religious tradition, which runs like the life-blood, across the different
Indian states, uniting them with the thread of devotion for the Mahamaya-
Durga. In this awe-inspiring goddess Durga Pattachitra, Devi is visualized as
the most enchanting woman and the most potent warrior in the entire universe.
The paradoxical mystique of her beauty and ferociousness has been marvelously
captured in this Pattachitra painting which is covered with vibrant shades that
speak of the rich cultural tradition of Orissa.
Within a deep blue border painted over with beautiful floral
vines, goddess Durga manifests as the supreme protector of Srishti (creation),
as a divine warrior par excellence. Her valiant stance, aggressive and dynamic
positioning of her weapons, her powerful gaze, her mount lion beside her, and
the sheer sense of dread conveyed by the enemy that lies underneath her feet
combine to create an impactful visual representation of the great-goddess Durga
in this Pattachitra.
The use of a muted background has added to the dramatics of
the presence of Maa Durga in this Pattachitra painting of the goddess, who
draped in a deep red saree and blue blouse, adorned with exquisite ornaments
and an imposing royal crown emanates the fabled qualities of great warriors.
The rocks below the
demon-enemy have located this goddess Durga Pattachitra painting in a strange
and challenging terrain, regions where the feeble hearted cannot dwell, but
Simha- Vahini (one who rides the lion) - Maa Durga has made her eternal abode.
Mastering the Ancient Technique: Exploring the Meticulous Creation of Pattachitra Paintings
The traditional Pattachitra is a scroll painting that is done on
cloth. This is revealed in the name; Pattachitra is a Sanskrit
term made from two words i.e. Patta meaning cloth and Chitra
meaning picture. The main subject of this painting is portraying
Hindu mythological narratives, scenes from religious texts, and
folktales. Pattachitra paintings are especially practiced in
eastern Indian states such as West Bengal and Odisha, and also in
some parts of Bangladesh. This art form is closely related to Shri
Jagannath and the tradition of the Vaishnava sect. It is believed
that Pattachitra art originated in the 11th century and the people
of Odisha practice it even today without any discrepancy. Bengalis
use these scroll paintings for ritual purposes (as a visual
device) during the performance of a song or Aarti.
Pattachitra paintings are characterized by creative and
traditional motifs/designs, decorative borders, and bright
colorful applications. The outline of the figure and motifs are
bold and sharp. Some common shapes and motifs seen in these
paintings are trees, flowers, leaves, elephants, and other
creatures. The artists of Odisha and Bengal still use the
traditional method of painting which gives a unique look to it
altogether.
1. Canvas is prepared
The process of painting a Pattachitra begins by preparing the
canvas (patta). Generally, cotton cloth is used for making the
canvas. The local artists dip the cotton cloth in a mixture of
tamarind seeds and water for a few days. The cloth is then taken
out and dried in the sun. Now natural gum is applied over it to
stick another layer of cotton cloth on it. Thus a thick layer of
cotton cloth is formed. This layered cotton is sun-dried and a
paste of chalk powder, tamarind, and gum is applied on both
sides. The surface of the cloth is then rubbed with two
different stones for smoothening and it is again dried. This
process gives the cloth a leathery finish and it is now ready to
be painted.
2. Natural colors are made using traditional method
The painters prepare and use vegetable and mineral colors for
application in the painting. White color is made from conch
shells, black is made by burning coconut shells, Hingula is used
for red color, Ramaraja for blue, and Haritala for yellow.
3. Colors are filled in
The artist now makes a double-lined border on all four sides of
the canvas. The local artists are so expert in painting that
they do not draw figures and motifs with pencil but directly
draw them with a brush. The paint brushes that the painters use
are made of the hair of domestic animals, a bunch of which is
tied to the end of a bamboo stick. The figures are now painted
with natural colors using the indigenous brushes. The outline is
thickened with black color.
4. Painting is given a finishing
Finally, the painting is varnished/glazed to protect it from any
damage and to get a glossy shine on the surface.
The making of a Pattachitra is laborious work and therefore, one
painting may sometimes take over a month to complete. Due to their
classical look, these paintings are admired by people from all
over the world. The artistic skills used in Pattachitra are passed
down from one generation to another and thus are preserved to
date.
