Articles by Prakriti Anand

Death is the greatest equalizer. Poor or rich, man or woman, higher or lower castes, it sees no difference, it meets everyone with the same attitude. Thus it is no wonder that the God of Death in India, Yama, is also the Lord of Justice and Dharmaraja, the protector of order. Known as Kala, Mrityu, Antaka, Vaivasvata, Sarvapranahara (taker of everyone’s life), Yama is a name that causes shudders, intrigue, and reverence in the hearts of humans. Often mentioned as he who takes away the soul of the departed, riding his buffalo, Yama is much more than a dark deity of death. Since the Vedic period, when he was the first human to die and become the Lord of the Dead, Yama is a powerful god worshiped as a protector of people and ruler of Mrityuloka (the earth, realm of Mrityu or death).

Yamuna, the sacred river goddess of Hinduism, is deeply revered for her divine connection with Krishna, purifying waters, and spiritual significance. From ancient Vedic mentions to her role in Bhakti traditions like Pushti Maarga, Yamuna is honored as a sister, consort, and mother figure. Her dark waters symbolize love, grace, and protection, especially during festivals like Bhai Dooj. Worshipped in temples, art, and ritual, Yamuna embodies devotion, divine feminine energy, and timeless spiritual power.

The beauty of the earth bathed certainly caught the attention of the early Indian artists and writers. From the poetry that inspired Saawan’s depiction in Baramasa paintings to the art of Ragamala where the rainy-season melody of Raga Megha is beautifully painted, from the rain-drenched lanes of Vrindavan where Radha-Krishna perform their Lilas to the fearlessness of Abhisarika Nayika, young heroine who walks through the dark forest during a rain storm in night, every corner of Indian art world is enriched with refreshing touch of rain. So pick up your cup of tea and coffee and come with us on an exploration of rain in Indian paintings.

“nothing is more real than a line, a color, a surface.” Said Dutch artist Theo van Doesburg. He and several other artists around the world as associated with what we call the “Abstract art movement”. A modern art trend, Abstract art is focused on simplification rather than realistic representation of the world. Style, and not subject is the focal point of an abstract art. It represents the spirit of modern times when the artist was freed from the demands of patrons and elites. With the coming of photography, painting was no longer responsible for being true to reality, being a medium of capturing the real world. This technological change was accompanied by social and political transformations- with the World War ending and the long-established institutions giving way to a whole new world, people experienced anxiety, uncertainty, hope, and a vast array of strong emotions, each of which was then expressed in the brush strokes of Abstract artists.

When we look at the sky, we see the Sun, the Moon, and the stars, and appreciate their heavenly beauty. For the ancient Indian sages, however, the sky was the abode of the great planets, the Graha, nine to be precise. These are Surya, Chandra, Mangala, Budha, Guru, Shukra, Shani, Rahu, and Ketu. Our learned ancestors discovered that the position of the planets at the time of a person’s birth determined their Kundali or birth chart, Raashi or birth-sign, and Raashi-phal or horoscope. These nine planets, while residing far away, were found to have a direct impact on the life events of a person. From this knowledge emerged the tradition of Jyotisha (astrology), in which the Navagraha, the nine planets worshiped as deities, became revered figures.

He is the master or Guru of the Asuras, thus known as Daityaguru. He is also considered a bestower of beauty, luxury, and royalty, and he is an expert on matters of statecraft and administration. He is Shukra, the Lord of the Planet Venus. Shukra literally means “brilliant” or “clear”, referring to his association with the color white and the beautiful white diamond. And brilliant he is. A master of Neeti and the knower of Mrita-Sanjeevani, the art of bringing the dead back to life, Shukra is probably one of the most powerful and enigmatic members of the Navagraha.

One of the most interesting legends from the treasures of Hindu literature is the story of Mohini, Vishnu’s form as a divine female, whose beauty is unparalleled. From the dramatic episode of Samudra-Manthana (churning of the ocean by gods and demons) to the bewildering scene of Bhasmasura’s defeat by her charms, Mohini is a popular presence in Indian religion and folklore. The embodiment of “Moha '' (allure, the divine mirage) that enchants every being, Mohini is the representation of Vishnu’s subtle and ever-present powers that run the Universe.

Rahu and Ketu, known as the shadow planets in Hindu culture, have deep roots in astrology. Born from a single Asura, they influence eclipses and symbolize the karmic balance between material desire (Rahu) and spiritual detachment (Ketu). This guide respectfully explores their fascinating origin, unique forms, and impact on life. Discover the myth, symbolism, and astrological meaning of Rahu and Ketu. Learn how these shadow planets influence eclipses, karma, and spiritual growth.

Tulsidas could not have been more right when he wrote these lines. Centuries after him, when A.K. Ramanujan, a scholar of Sanskrit and Indian culture, began his quest for Ramayana across India and the world, the sheer number and retellings that he witnessed were awe-inspiring. As an ode to the many Ramayanas that he got to know about, and for the many more that existed, hidden in their locales, Ramanujan wrote “Three Hundred Ramayanas”, a work popular world over for its exploration of the many Ramayanas. What the philosophy of Tulsidas and the scholarly journey of Ramanujan have in common is how they underline the awesome number of Rama stories. The central character of Sri Rama is the same in all these tales.

Mangala, the planet Mars in Indian culture, symbolizes courage, strength, and warrior energy. Revered in Jyotisha and Hindu mythology, he is associated with both Shiva and Vishnu, and regarded as the son of Earth (Bhauma). Worship of Mangala on Tuesday, through mantras, Yantras, and rituals, enhances resilience, leadership, and focus, while mitigating anger and stubbornness. Understanding Mangala’s influence helps devotees balance energy, channel determination, and achieve virtuous success in life.

“Yoga is a lifestyle”. This sentence has become the simplest definition and expression of what Yoga is. From the villages of India to the sprawling modern spaces of Europe and America, Yog or Yoga is one of the most popular practices that transcend the boundaries of culture and geography. Yet, beyond the aforementioned line, not much is actually known about Yoga, its practice, and its philosophy in the popular sphere. Then how can we know what exactly is Yoga? Thankfully, the solution to this conundrum was formulated centuries ago. In ancient India, a Maharishi (great sage) by the name of Patanjali compiled the philosophy of Yoga in “sutras”, literally “threads”, or short formulations in Sanskrit, which contain the oceanic knowledge of Yoga.

Guru (the great or heavy one), or Brihaspati, is the name of the teacher of the gods, a position given to Jupiter in Indian culture. A prime and powerful member of the Navagraha Mandala, Brihaspati rules the spheres of wisdom and knowledge and is one of the few Graha (planets) that are mostly auspicious for a person. It is said that even when an individual has a weak Brihaspati in their Kundali or birth chart, the grand planet (due to its massive size), with a big heart, tries its best to bestow positive or neutral results. A planet that guides one as a patient and magnanimous master, Guru or Brihaspati, is royalty among the Nine Planets. Let us know a few interesting things about this great planet.

Born out of the romance of Chandra, the Hindu Moon-God, and Tara, the wife of Jupiter, Budha, the planet Mercury, has one of the most interesting tales among the Navagraha or Nine-planet cluster. In Hindu astrology, also known as Jyotisha Vidya, Budha is the ruler of intellect, who bestows intelligence and wisdom and guides a person towards good or bad decisions. The controller of Budhi or mental faculties, Budha is a powerful planetary deity in Hinduism, worshipped to gain stability and strength of mind.

Chandra Dev, known as Soma or Rajnipati, is the Hindu Moon God and a key Navagraha deity. Worshiped for his powers over the mind, emotions, and healing, Chandra features in Vedic texts, astrology, and legends like his love for Tara, the birth of Budha (Mercury), and interactions with gods like Shiva and Ganesha. His waxing and waning explain lunar phases, and his symbolism appears in goddess iconography, Jyotisha, and rituals across India, highlighting his enduring spiritual and cultural significance.

Rishi Kashyap and Aditi's son, Agni, was meant only to consume sacred ritual offerings poured into the Kunda, or altar, and bring them to the gods. He was born to be the mediator between the world of humans and the heavens. On one of the days, Agni saw the wives of the Saptarishi, or seven sages, who were very beautiful and were attracted to them. However, he could not approach them because it would have been immoral to propose marriage to the already married women. Swaha, the daughter of Prajapati Daksha, witnessed all this and was in love with Agni, who seemed smitten by other women. Not losing heart, Swaha wittily transformed herself into the wives of the Saptarishis and reached Agni with her loving proposal.

Receiving the fruits of one’s acts in the afterlife is one thing, but there is one Hindu god who keeps a keen, unwavering eye on all our actions, and accordingly, with the firmness of a judge, gives good or bad results of our Karma during our lifetimes. He is Shani, Shanishchara (one who chara or walks shaneh or slowly), Saturn, the son of Bhagwan Surya, and one of the Navagraha or nine planets. This year, Shani Jayanti or the birth anniversary of Lord Shani, is to be celebrated on Friday, June 4, 2027, in different parts of India, where temples of the planet god are situated. Let us get to know a few things about Lord Shani, a powerful, popular but misunderstood divinity in Hindu culture.

Upon entering the brass factory in Aligarh, I found a structure that was in no way fitting my definition of a “factory”. With an uneven mud floor, a makeshift roof supported by steel pillars, walls painted with a thick layer of soot and dust on which hang the bags and clothes of the artists, and a portable stove on which the Kaarigars (craftsmens) were making their tea, the space looked more like a hastily developed village than a factory.

As Navaratri arrives, every devotee observing the nine nights of the goddess begins preparing to welcome and worship Durga and her various forms. From brass, copper, bronze, stone, and wood statues to paintings of the great goddess in her different aspects, Navaratri highlights the ways in which Hindu culture remembers and celebrates Devi. Going back to the ancient period, when the divinity of the goddess was represented through powerful symbols and simple iconography, Indian art has a plethora of ways in which Devi is commemorated. Looking at a few gems from Indian paintings, this article memorializes how Indian art traditions honor Hindu goddesses.

Durga literally translates to “she who is difficult to attain”; however, one of her dhyana-mantra worshiped her as “Durgati-Nashini” or “she who ends evil or misfortune”. Simply put, goddess Durga is the ultimate deity, the beginning, sustenance, and end of creation. She is Srishti (creation), Maya (the visual and experienced world around), and Kali (the annihilator). In all the sects and traditions of the country, her presence is felt in one form or the other.

Sweets and savory dishes on plates, bowls of colors, Gulal in the air, people singing Phaag (folk songs celebrating Phagun or the month of Holi), fervor, and joy all around- the arrival of Holi is a time when everyone welcomes energy, newness, and life with open arms. In the states of India, people have different ways of celebrating the festival with their loved ones. This ancient festival of colors seems to be one of the most important occasions for the people of India till modern times. In this blog, we will relish the vibrancy of Holi through the colors of Indian painting. With each brushstroke and eye-catching color filling the canvas with eternal colors, these paintings perfectly capture the essence of Holi for India and its people.

In the Satikhanda of Rudrasamhita of Shiva Purana, the conversation between Kamadeva and Lord Brahma is described. The lord of love asks the creator, for a powerful companion and weapons, for his task of bringing Shiva out of his meditative state. As Brahma draws a deep breath, a young man, ornamented with garlands of flowers is born, brimming with beauty, and complete with all auspicious features. He was Vasant. The dark-skinned Vasant brought with him a bloom of nature- causing flowers to blossom and birds to sing, which transformed the ambiance into a heavenly one. Seeing this, Brahma was pleased and introduced the divine man to Kamadeva as his friend. Vasant from the moment of his birth was to accompany Kamadeva, empowering and amplifying his effects on all beings. By quickly transforming the state of space, Vasant has the power to cause romance, love, affection, and bliss, making it a welcome presence in the culture of India.

Maha Shivaratri- “the extraordinary or great night of Shiva” in Hindu tradition and Shaiva devotion is one of the most powerful occasions for celebrating the auspicious and eternal Shiva. Falling in the month of February-March, Maha Shivaratri commemorates the divine union of Shiva and Shakti by the marriage of Shiva and Parvati, but many also celebrate the occasion as a victory of Shiva over the forces of Tripuri in his Tripurantaka form. In Kashmir Shaivism, where Tantra reigns supreme, devotees observe the Hara-Ratri or night of Hara (Shiva) and Bhairavotsava- the union of Bhairava and Bhairavi, potent and Tantric forms of Shiva and Parvati. For others, Maha Shivaratri is the night when Shiva performs his legendary Tandava. As we eagerly look forward to this celebration of Shiva and Shiva-tattva (the essence of Shiva), let us revisit a few divine tales of Shiva from the Puranas and devotional traditions of the country and be mesmerized by the otherworldly yet easily pleased primordial one.

From the earliest artistic depictions of Bharhut, Sanchi, Amaravati, Nagajunkonda, and the marvelous statues of Gandhara and Mathura, Buddhist art has translated the wisdom of the Buddha into stone and metal. Condensing his immeasurable virtues and venerable life in art, sculptures of the Buddha offer a chance to the followers of Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, to witness the aura of the Enlightened One, and be guarded by his light to the supreme brilliance of Bodhi.

Rajput paintings, from different sub-schools, depict the scenes of Radha and Krishna in the forests or gardens of Vrindavana, where Radha appears in the garments of Krishna as the blue-skinned Krishna veils his face with the chunri of Radha. Some of the inscriptions that accompany classic Ragamala paintings identify Ragini Bhairavi as a maiden (unmarried young woman), who is enamored by the aura of Bhairava, and with a single-minded devotional love, prays to Shiva, for receiving the hand of Bhairava in marriage. Seeing these artworks transports the audience into the romantic world of the subjects- a realm away from the narrowness of the world, where all expressions of Prema, Sringaar, and Kama have found an eternal, aesthetic haven.