अन्यन्नाजगणं मतं फणभृतो भाष्याद् गभीरादृते वाणी यत्र चरी करोति निलयं नर्नर्त्ति यस्मिञ्छिवः ।
यत्राचीकमतादि किंचन पदं धीराः प्रयुज्य स्वयं स्वर्गं यान्ति सुखप्रयातवडवासंयोजितैः स्यन्दनैः ।।
The Grammarians do not take any view into account other than that of Patanjali. It is the Vyakarana where after wandering a lot the Goddess of speech builds her abode and Śiva dances incessantly and by which the learned ones use words like acikamata etc. and thus move to the heaven by the chariots carried by the vadavas (the mares) advancing comfortably.
Grammar has been very useful tool of human brain. In Indian tradition its main purpose was to preserve the Veda in tact and keep it free from corruptions. It has become an instrument to distinguish the usable words or correct words from the corrupt forms. In old forms of grammar the sutra style of the aphoristic prose was very much in vogue. In this particular form of expression one could see the use of nouns with almost wholesale suppression of verbs. Abstract nouns and compounds are used with predilection. The necessity of elaboration was felt when the tradition gradually became remote and comprehension became shrouded over with obscurity and ambiguity. The sutras were supplemented with the vartikas of same nature. It was amplified by the Bhasya-style, a highly developed form of learned prose. It became very popular among the learned scholars. Originally Scientific literature like grammar was propounded exclusively in pure sutra form. In order to popularize the vast literature grammar was composed in stanzas in Karika-style (memorial verses). For wider circulation of Scientific literature the versified style was adopted and it became a popular practice.
Grammar as a technicial subject, was read with profundity and erudition by different schools and the ultimate goal is the analysis of the language in the form of word or sentence. Different schools postulated the related theories according to their line of interpretation. Those schools can be summarily presented as Pre-paninian school, Paninian school, the Candra school, the Jainendra school, the Śākațayana school, the Hemacandra School, the Kätantra school, the school of Bopadeve, the Jumara School of Kramadisvara, the Supadma school of Padmanabha Datta, later sectarian school of book etc. and lesser manual and school books (fulfilling the need of the prescribed syllabus).
Orissa rich in literature, are and architecture, philosophy and religion has a sound grammatical tradition. The authors so far located belong to the commentary school or sectarian school. The authors belong to mainly five schools viz. The Paninian school, Cangu Karika of Cangu Dasa and Vaijala Karika of Vaijala deva are very popular in Orissa. Their period is fixed to be sixteenth century A.D. The present study of Dr. Dinabandhu Tripathy comprises of the critical edition and comparative study of two books. The study is comprehensive and quite informative. The scholars of the east and west will be delighted to see the Orissan contribution to the field of grammar and make thorough study in future.
I had the privilege to see some of the manuscripts of Orissa on grammar and took delight to supervise the thesis of Dr. Tripathy. My joys knew no bounds to see the doctoral thesis of Dr. Tripathy in print. The present study will be remembered as a mile-stone in the particular study of Orissan contribution to grammar. I hope that the book will be appreciated by the readers of Sanskrit in general and scholar of grammar in particular.
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