This module presents the various parameters and dimensions of counselling which has emerged as an art and a science to render professional assistance to people to unable them to make choices and decisions. To attain these goals, true nature and meaning of counselling needs to be understood. Counselling is often misconstrued as advice giving whereas it aims at empowering persons to take their own decisions. The first unit of this module aims to help you acquire basic knowledge and understanding of the concept of counselling. This unit also describes the factors and events leading to the emergence of counselling as a profession and distinct discipline different from other allied disciplines like psychiatry, social work and psychotherapy.
The second unit focuses on the qualities required of an effective counsellor, one, who is able to communicate the much needed openness, trustworthiness, objectivity, warmth and friendliness required for building a relationship.
Building a relationship is the cornerstone of counselling, therefore, the third unit of the module is entirely devoted to perquisites or conditions essential for creating a conducive environment for counselling. The fourth unit is aimed at creating an understanding, insight and the skills needed of a counsellor to understand the client and the problem from client's perspective to set goals and take action to attain them.
Units five to nine are devoted to describing counselling interventions based on four major theoretical approaches viz., the earliest trait and factor, psychodynamic approaches and also those based on later personcentred, behaviouristic and most recent cognitive behavioural and systemic approaches. Specific techniques based on these approaches which can be used by teachers/counsellors have been described with the help of examples. However, the contents provide you only the basic understanding about these techniques. References for acquiring further details and insight have been suggested.
Self-check exercises and activities given in every unit will help you evaluate your progress through the module. Summary given at the end gives an overview of the unit, and references and additional readings provide additional sources of information.
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