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Sallekhana (The Jain Approach to Dignified Death)

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Specifications
Publisher: D. K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd.
Author , Christopher Key Chapple
Language: English
Pages: 342
Cover: HARDCOVER
6x9 inch
Weight 640 gm
Edition: 2020
ISBN: 9788124610480
HCC944
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Book Description
About the Book
Jainism regards life to be eternal. Recognizing that the soul can never die, but merely takes a new body, a careful tradition welcoming death through intentional fasting developed more than two thousand years ago. A legal challenge Rajasthan was put forward in 2013, suggesting that this practice is harmful and coercive and targets women in particular. For a short while Sallekhana, which means the "thinning of existence," was declared illegal. In response to this controversy, three conferences were convened by the International School for Jain Studies to explore the legal, religious, and medical aspects of this practice. Experts discussed the long history of the practice, attested to in epigraphs throughout India; the ways in which fasting to death has become an acceptable practice in the Western world; and contemporary instances of its observance in India. This volume presents an interdisciplinary approach to thinking about the end of life, from biomedical, historical, religious, and legal perspectives.

About the Editors
Shugan Chand Jain has pursued, since 2002, full-time Jain studies (carned PhD) and then, in 2005, promoted International School for Jain Studies (www.isjs.in) to introduce academic studies of Jainism primarily in universities of North America. Besides annual residential summer schools for overseas scholars, he organized national and international seminars, published several books, papers and an online referred journal ISJS-Transactions. Also, he was involved in training K-12 teachers in Peace Studies and their applications in schools. As chairman, he revived Parashwanath Vidhyapeeth (2009-14) and Hira Lal Jain Senior Secondary School, Delhi (2012 onwards). Prior to the above tasks, Jain worked as Information and Systems Consultant/Director/entrepreneur during 1962-2002 in India, USA and the Netherlands. Christopher Key Chapple is Doshi Professor of Indic and Comparative Theology and Founding Director of the Master of Arts in Yoga Studies at Loyola Marymount University (LMU) in Los Angeles, CA. He is MA, PhD from Fordham University, New York City. He joined the faculty of LMU in 1985. He has more than 20 books to his credit, including Living Landscapes: Meditation on the Elements in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Yogas (2020) and many edited volumes on the topic of Religion and Ecology, including Jainism and Ecology (Harvard University Press and Motilal Banarsidass). Chapple serves on the advisory boards of the South Asian Studies Association, the Forum on Religion and Ecology (Yale), the Ahimsa Center (Pomona), the Jain Studies Centre (SOAS, London), the Dharma Academy of North America (Berkeley) and the International School for Jain Studies (Delhi).

Preface
This book arose from contemporary concerns regarding the end of life. Death is an inevitable fact of life. Jain preceptors have offered a system of fasting that makes the time before death an auspicious and pleasant experience, known as sallekhanā, samādhi-marana or santhärä. This practice had been observed ever since Jainism was propagated by the founding tirthamkaras. The eighth Jain canon, the Antakṛtdaśānga-sütra, describes this practice being observed even before Mahāvīra (sixth century BCE). Archaeological evidence at Śravana Belgoļā attests to this practice in the third century BCE as seen in the caves there of Emperor Candragupta Maurya and Śrutakevali Bhadrabähu. In 2006, non-Jain lawyers approached the courts to ban the practice of fasting unto to death by equating it to suicide. In response, the International School for Jain Studies organized three international seminars on this practice, convening philosophers at the University of Madras, lawyers at National Law University, Delhi and medical practitioners at Teerthanker Mahaveer University Medical College at Moradabad to discuss this practice from their respective viewpoints. Modern Western culture has regarded death to be an evil occurrence, and has, through medical technology, managed to prolong lifespan. Recently, there has been an interest in India in embracing the postponement of death. Ironically, the Western world affirms the legal right to suspend nutrition and hydration, and, in some instances, has legalized the hastening of death through medical means.

Introduction
MOST of religious leaders, sociologists and other experts talk of the art of living a peaceful and happy life. Many doctors and scientists talk about and work to find ways out to live a longer, healthier and more enjoyable life. However, one must be mindful that death is inevitable. One who is born has to die some day. Indian religions consider death as an event when the soul gives up its inefficient body and moves on to a new one. When the body becomes old and weak or ill, unable even to perform its daily chores and follow religious duties, a person naturally longs for the transition into death, like changing clothes after one's daily bath. Indian religious traditions encourage withdrawing (nivṛtti) from worldly activities and getting totally absorbed in God or one's own pure self while approaching death. The topic of death is being widely discussed. Does a person have a right to choose the manner of his/her death? Is mercy-killing in the form of euthanasia acceptable? A number of countries have legalized euthanasia with certain conditions. A few more countries are considering whether the right to die should be declared legal. On the medical front, every day the number of people suffering in hospitals and kept alive on life support systems is increasing. This increases the suffering of families who also must deal with often huge economic costs.

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