Introduction
Ancient India has gifted many great sciences, which has been undoubtedly established by latest researches. Ayurveda, the holistic science from India, which has still remained at its pride. It is believed to be the oldest healing science in existence of all others. Among the eight division of Ayurveda, Shalakya Tantra is the one, which deals with the sense organs including other parts above the clavicle. One subdivision of this branch deals only with the "EYE". Even though these branches were divided during the period of Samhita Kala, the knowledge of all these existed in the distant past. Many ancient sages and scholars have contributed much to this field. It has witnessed phenomenal growth in the distant past as, Aswini Kumaras, Nimi, Videha, Bhoja, Satyaki, Pujyapada, Shivi, Krishna Atreya, Karala, Bhadra Shaunaka, Janaka, Garghya, Galava, Chakshushya, etc have stood as the testimonies of its achievements. Ashwinou, the twin brothers have bestowed eyesight to Rijashwa, Kanwa etc. (Rg. 1-116-6) (Rg-1-114-8). Paravrija (Rg. 112-8) and Kavi Puru (Rg-1-116-7) alleviating their blindness. There is also description of Netra Shareera in Brihadaranyaka where comparison has been given for Urdhwa Vartma as Akasha and Adho Vartma as Prithvi. In Atharva Veda, a number of hymns have been described to invoke the blessings of the sun for the preservation of sight like Gayatri Mantra, Suryanamaskara etc. In Chakshushyopanishad 40-45 mantras have been explained for the improvement of vision. Description, usage and utility of Anjana are explained in Ithareya Brahmana. In Bhagavatha, we get a beautiful story described about Nimi, where he has been credited for his presence in the eyelids of humanbeings. Videha and Janaka have significant contributions to the early development of Shalakya. Besides Bhoja and Nimi, we also come across the name of eye surgeon Sivaka, who rooted out the eyeball and transplated the same on some other body.
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