Women in India share multiple and complex realities. This book offers critical articles on the achievements of women in India as well as the challenges they face. The well researched, insightful articles, written from multidisciplinary perspectives, cogently present the various aspects of this very contemporary theme to throw light on the realities faced by the women in India today. This book tries to understand and appreciate where Indian women stand today in terms of health, social, educational, legal and political status. The essays in this collection point to the fact that though there has been progress for many, there are continuing challenges for women's growth and empowerment. This book will be enjoyed by academicians and common readers alike who would like to cogitate on the myriad contexts and conditions of Indian women.
Professor Dinabandhu Ghosh teaches English literature as an Associate Professor at Bankura Sammilani College. He has written a number of critical books that reveal his deep insight into literature. He does not believe in vague criticism. He writes in a transparent and an unambiguous way expressing his thought and judgment. In this book, he has tried to read and evaluate Kamala Das in delightful way. Kamala Das fascinates him by her vitality of feelings, honesty of thought and unmatched clarity of expression. The students and scholars may appreciate his effort.
Women in India share multiple and complex realities. This book offers critical articles on the achievements of women in India as well as the challenges they face. The well researched, insightful articles, written from multidisciplinary perspectives by the teaching faculty of Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College, cogently present the various aspects of this very contemporary theme to throw light on the realities faced by the women in India today. This book tries to understand and appreciate where Indian women stand today in terms of health, social, educational, legal and political status. The essays in this collection point to the fact that though there has been progress for many in many sectors, there are continuing challenges for women's growth and empowerment. Indian women are confident enough to claim new spaces in many areas yet there are many types of oppression that women still face across class, caste and religion. The academics in this volume provide fresh knowledge as well as historical perspective in their papers to understand the framework of women's development in the Indian context.
'Women's issues' in India is a contemporary theme that anyone and everyone can relate to. The main purpose of Anasua Chatterjee's paper is to understand the pattern of political activism of the working women in India. By political activism of the respondent she primarily means a woman's cognitive orientation (i.e. her knowledge about political parties, symbols, their stay in power and their judgements about political system). The paper is based on a survey carried out by the researcher on 1000 working women of Kolkata in the months from July-September, 2015. Her results show that women, working both in the organised as well as unorganised sectors, play dual role. They look after their children, elders in the family, husbands and also contribute to the family expenditure but they are not consulted at home regarding education of their children, investments etc. They consult their husbands, elder members of the family or the community before casting their vote and are not guided by individual conscience. Women do not yet exist as an effective political collectivity.
In the next article, Bidusi Haldar (Sardar) spotlights the ancient Devadasi system in India. The Indian musical system shows to what heights the genius of man could soar in quest of new forms of musical expression. The earliest treatise we have on music is the Natya Sastra of Bharata. Around 12th century Hindustani classical music diverged form from what eventually came to be identified as Carnatic classical music. The course of the evolution of Indian music saw the emergence of two different sub systems as Hindustani and Carnatic music. Bharata is the ancient name for India as well as the name of the sage that codified the performing arts in a scripture, written in Sanskrit, around 200 B.C., called 'Bharata's Natyashastra'. The Natyashastra tells an epic story of the celestial dancers and musicians who enacted and celebrated, with dance, music and drama, God's victorious battle against the Asuras. This divine dance was then brought to humanity as Devadasi Sadir. Devadasi Sadir is the embodied expression of devotion and love for the divine and is one of the oldest dance forms in existence today.
Moving on to the reality faced by Indian women today, Madhumita Debnath's article focuses on maternal health. Maternal and child health is facing some serious challenges across all developing countries including India.
'Maternal mortality ratio' (MMR) was found to be 167 per 100,000 live births in 2013 which means almost 44,000 deaths every year. A range of biological, social, physical and environmental factors act as determinants of maternal health in any society. Age at marriage, poverty, availability of antenatal, intranatal and prenatal services, access to emergency obstetric care are some of the determinants that are needed to be considered at the time of framing policies at the National level. Schemes like Janani Suraksha Yojana and Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana under National Rural Health Mission are promoting institutional delivery along with emphasis on quality antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care for every pregnant woman. Impact of the mission is to be reviewed on a regular basis if India wants to achieve the 'Millennium Development Goal-5' set by United Nations.
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