Lord Ganesha assumes the role of the supreme ruler over these diverse groups of atoms and energies. The elephant symbolizes authority, endurance, strength, and courage. Therefore, to embody these divine qualities, Lord Ganesha is often depicted in the form of an elephant.
His four arms symbolize the four primary aspects of human consciousness: mind, intellect, ego, and the emotional reactive process (Chiita in Sanskrit). These four arms also convey his omnipresence and omnipotence, with the upper right hand holding an ax, doubts are first dispelled (ax), followed by the establishment of a goal (Rope), the experience of soul-joy (modak), and finally, the blessings of protection from obstacles (hence, the name Vighnaharta) and liberation from delusion (hence, the name Dukh-harta).
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