The survival of political systems depended not only upon how much political wisdom could inform decisions but also on how long support from local forces could be held. Failures could spell ruin. Failures could also bring serious repercussions. Conversely, the smaller were political entities, the more long lasting was their stability, durability, and antiquity. Some high-born and elite family lineages traced themselves back many centuries. Some middle- sized political entities that last for generations. Where scores of elite communities co-existed, however uneasily, within multi- ethnic and multi-cultural contexts, each claiming distinct ritual purity and status better than the other, where marriage alliances between different lineages were the exception rather than the rule, common grounds for sharing a political commonwealth of authority or legitimacy became difficult to achieve. Under such circumstances, where micro-ethnicities and micro-polities co- existed, like molecules within a colloidal suspension, it was difficult to bring together many "small hard pieces" so as to erect larger and more durable political structures.
The present study, "Early Anti- British Revolts in Andhra, 1766-1857" deals with such Pre-1857 revolts in Seemandhra (Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra) region of Andhra Pradesh. As the erstwhile State of Hyderabad was under the Nizam's rule, the rebellions in Telangana area form beyond the scope of this study. However, the Bolaram Mutiny of 1855 is studied for the significant role it played on the eve of the 1857 Revolt which was nationwide. Ganjam, (along with Gajapathi District) which at present is in Orissa State, is included in this study for it was an integral part of the then Northern Circars. The period chosen for the study is between 1766 when the Circars were first acquired by the British and 1857 when the Great Revolt broke leading to the end of the Company administration.
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