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Meaning in Bharthari's Vakyapadiya

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Specifications

	Publisher: Shakti Publications, Delhi
	Author Ved Mitra Shukla
	Language: English
	Pages: 164
	Cover: PAPERBACK
	8.5x5.5 inch
	Weight 260 gm
	Edition: 2021
	ISBN: 9788194622154
	HCC774

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Book Description

About the Book The study of grammar and linguistic philosophy had its origin in the Vedic period, at least in the second millennium BCE. The Vakyapadiya of Bhartṛhari, an authoritative Sanskrit text written in the fifth century CE, contains reflections on the subject matter of language and grammar, thus the philosophy of language. Interpretation of communication is one of the principal objectives of Bhrtţhari's philosophy of language. His goal is to interpret the communication of all living things, be it a man or an animal, or a yogi or a baby. Bhartṛhari represents a rich tradition of Indian philosophy of language that he inherited from Panini and Patanjali. The West, for all practical purposes, lagged behind in grammar, literary theories, philosophy of language and with the problems of meaning, even at the dawn of the twentieth century, when the Indian Grammarians made penetrating studies on the same even before the common era. This volume delves upon "meaning" discussed in the Vakyapadiya as a continuity of the great Indian literary tradition, philosophy and grammar. In the process, it explores and analyses some issues such as meaning in Indian philosophy of language, theory of sphoța, and conditions and context of meaning.

About the Author Ved Mitra Shukla (b.1980) teaches English at Rajdhani College of University of Delhi, New Delhi. He did his MPhil and PhD from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He is a bilingual author in Hindi and English, and translates in both the languages. His translation work Long Poems of Narendra Mohan was published in 2019. He is also an author of three Hindi books, Järi Apanä Safar Raha (a book of Hindi ghazals selected and funded by Hindi Academy, Delhi in 2019), Kahāvaton ki Kavitäen (children's poems collection) in 2019, and Bapü se Sikhen (children's poems on the 150h birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi) in 2018. He has also edited Rāmādarśa Miśrā kī Lambi Kavitäen (2019) and Sapane Bhare Din (2020), and co-edited Complete Works of Deendayal Upadhyay (15 vols). He may be contacted at

Foreword LANGUAGE as an object of knowledge, on the one hand, and as an epistemic mode of perception, thought and consciousness, on the other, has been a subject of enquiry in the Indian intellectual tradition since Panini (sixth century BCE), the author of Aştadhyayi. Every school of philosophy has deeply meditated on the relationship between the sounds of language, the phenomena and the human consciousness. There are thought-provoking debates on language and meaning involving the various schools of thought. The Nyaya-Vaiśeşika, the Buddhists and the Grammarians, for instance, often argue whether the relationship between word and meaning is eternal or a human construct. Bhartṛhari (fifth century cr) is a key participant in this debate and reinforces the Upanisadic idea of the unity of language and consciousness by developing certain powerful concepts such as Sabda-Brahman, Sphoța, Dhvani and Nada. The title of his work Väkyapadiya itself suggests an interesting subject of reflection, which continues to be relevant in the contemporary studies of language and literature. When the reader or the listener, for example, perceives a sentence, what does he/she cognize - a group of words or the sentence as a whole in a single moment of cognitive awareness? To answer this, Bhartṛhari develops another key concept, that of pratibha, a unique ability of the human mind to cognize the discourse in the form of conceptual flash.

Preface KEEPING in view the valuable riches of Indian knowledge, the book makes an attempt to explore some issues related to meaning in Bhartṛhari's Vākyapadīya. In the process of reading the text, there is no purpose to bring out overwhelming new theories. The present work simply takes meaning discussed in the Vakyapadiya as its subject. Positively being a student of English language and literature, my reading of the Vākyapadīya might be proved a transformational encounter to some extent. Such readings cannot be possible without the guidance of our teachers. I am grateful to Professor Kapil Kapoor, Professor Ashok Aklujkar and Professor Dhananjay Singh whose insipirations, teachings and guidance enabled me to go through the Vākyapadīya. I must be thankful to my MA students too who made me ready to publish this work into the form of a book. I would like to acknowledge the help I received from various quarters during the planning, preparation, writing and finalization of this book. First of all, I must thank Professor Dhananjay Singh, who guided me to go through Bhartṛhari's Vākyapadīya first time. Throughout my research work, he encouraged me to form new thoughts through critical comments and effective guidance.

Introduction GRAMMAR, in the West, aims to systematize the rules of a language, analyse its structure from various viewpoints of phoneme, word, phrase and sentence, and discriminate the correct from the incorrect usage. However, in the Indian tradition, grammar, apart from doing these also deals with issues that go beyond the study of any particular language. The Indian grammatical texts constitute a philosophical discipline as well. The analysis of language in India triggers a number of queries: What is language? What is the linguistic denotation? How could an association be established between word and meaning? Do the words refer to a universal or a particular, a class or an individual, forms or substances, etc.? How far meaning is a competent means? What is the relationship between (a) meaning and thought, and (b) meaning and reality? And to what extent verbal cognition is reliable? Such questions taken up by linguistic philosophers like Panini (fourth century BCE), Patañjali (second century scr) and Bhartṛhari (fifth century cz) form the crux of the Indian philosophy of language.

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