About the Book
Within a 20 km radius of Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh, there are several significant Buddhist remains and monuments. Among them, Sanchi stands out as the most renowned, celebrated for the grandeur of its monuments. However, other important Buddhist sites in the region are often overlooked, possibly due to their deteriorated condition and remote locations. These lesser-known sites include Sonari, Satdhara, Murelkhurd, and Bawalia-Hakeemkhedi, all situated in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh.
About the Author
Alexander Cunningham's seminal work, The Bhilsa Topes, first published in 1854, offers a comprehensive description of these monuments. It represents the earliest serious effort to trace Buddhist history through architectural remains. Cunningham's work provides an extensive historical account covering the rise, development, and decline of Buddhism; the life and teachings of the Buddha; the Buddhist councils; various schisms; the reign of Ashoka; and the symbols of Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha, among other key aspects of Buddhism.
Preface
THE discoveries made by Lieutenant Maisey and myself, amongst the numerous Buddhist monuments that still exist around Bhilsa, in Central India, are described - imperfectly, I fear by myself in the present work. To the Indian antiquary and historian, these discoveries will be, I am willing to think, of very high importance; while to the mere English reader they may not be uninteresting, as the massive mounds are surrounded by mysterious circles of stone pillars, recalling attention at every turn to the early earthworks, or barrows, and the Druidical colonnades of Britain.
In the Buddhistical worship of trees displayed in the Sanchi bas-reliefs, others, I hope, will see (as well as myself) the counterpart of the Druidical and adopted English reverence for the Oak. In the horse-shoe temples of Ajanta and Sanchi many will recognise the form of the inner colonnade at Stone-henge. More, I suspect, will learn that there are Cromlechs in India as well as in Britain;† that the Brahmans, Buddhists, and Druids all believed in the transmigration of the soul; that the Celtic language was undoubtedly derived from the Sanskrit; and that Buddha (or Wisdom), the Supreme Being worshipped by the Buddhists, is probably (most probably) the same as the great god Buddwás, considered by the Welsh as the dispenser of good. These coincidences are too numerous and too striking to be accidental. Indeed, the Eastern origin of the Druids was suspected by the younger Pliny, who says, "Even to this day Britain celebrates the magic rites with so many similar ceremonies, that one might suppose they had been taken from the Persians."
Introduction
THE Buddhist religion has long been extinct in India, but it still flourishes in Nepál and Tibet, in Ava, Ceylon, and China, and amongst the Indo-Chinese nations of Anam, Siam, and Japan, Its votaries far outnumber those of all other creeds, except the Christian, and they form one-fourth of the whole human race. The valley of the Ganges was the cradle of Buddhism; which, from its rise in the sixth century before Christ, gradually spread over the whole of India.