About The Book
Although the human rights issue are very important but the state of knowledge about these issue reflects a lack of awarness and ignorance on the part of the people are deproved of their human rights on the basis of gender, ethnicity, religious beliefs and economic and social status. The main aim of this book to analyze the challenges and expectations of the human rights in the twenty first century. Is The present volume, which consists of same important contributions on the various aspects of the human rights would therefore, be helpful in improving the understanding of the subject and porve useful for scholars, students, comman men, admistrators and policy makers.
About The Author :
Dr. (Mrs.) Annpurna Nautiyal is a professor & Head of Department of Poltical Science H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar, Uttarakhand. Her area of interest is international relations but she is a keen watcher of national and regional issues also. She has a number of reserach papers to he credit in various professional Journals. Professor Nautiyal authored/edited numbers of books which include. The Role of Henry Kissinger in world Politics (1987). India in the New World Order (1995) Uttrakhand in Turmoil (1996 Fifty years of Human Righ
Introduction
Although India has been following a tradition of SAMBHAB since the inception of humanity but its ironical that even after the 50 years of the universal declaration of the human rights in most of the societies we still find a wide spread discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, religious believes etc. Actually the continuous violation of the human rights despite the several international conventions and treaties has emerged as a hot topic of discussions and debates in the academic forums because this condition is prevailing not only in the developing countries but also in the developed societies. The extent of such violations can be gauged by a survey done in 1993 by the Amnesty international which clearly highlights that political suppression, systematic torture in captivity, ill treatment, abduction, arbitrary arrest or disappearance is being practiced in 110 countries of the world. Such kind of treatment is not only against the human dignity, but, it also violates the principle that human rights are natural, equal and inalienable rights necessary for a life of dignity in the contemporary world. The gross violation of human values throughout the world has posed a threat to the human security, which revolves around the concept of freedom from fear and want. Almost all the people whether from rich societies or poor nations in some way or the other way are being denied the human rights. The people of the rich countries despite their prosperity and material comforts are also not free from problems and tensions. Their security is being threatened by problems that are the result of their social fabric, therefore security from the threat of crime and drug war, the spread of deadly diseases, soil degradation, rising levels of pollution, the fear of losing jobs, have emerged as the main concerns of these societies. On the other hand people in poor nations are demanding freedom from the continuing threat of hunger, diseases, poverty and other related problems that are basically the result of their less development and socio-political conditions. Moreover, the unchecked population growth coupled with a lack of development opportunities, growing poverty, migration, and environmental degradation have also emerged as the other reasons for the denial of human rights to a majority of people in the developing countries. Economic disparities, drug trafficking, terrorist activities, assertive nationalism, ethnic clashes due to which many innocent and valuable lives are being lost every year have also increased the threat to human security manifold. Under such conditions for a large number of people particularly living in Asia, the advent of the 21 st century has no meaning as one fifth of their population is living in abject poverty. The talk of human rights does not make much sense for such type of people because for them their survival is more important than any other thing. In India also more than 50% of its population is living well below the poverty line, in filthy conditions, deprived of even the basic facilities necessary for survival like food, shelter and cloth. India has been given 132 ranks in the community of Nations in the context of human development by the latest United Nations Development Report. The daily per capita supplies of calories to majority of its population according to this' report is just 2198 and the adult literacy rate is 53.5 percent which clearly indicates towards the poor human conditions. Actually, poverty itself is a violation of the basic human rights and ironically in almost all the developing countries most of the people are struggling hard to acquire at least the minimum basic facilities, necessary for the right to life.
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