Though an empirical study of the tribal culture of Uttarakhand, Le., the borderland of India, Nepal and Tibet, the book puts forward a new perspective in comprehending the tribal culture and its transformation process meaningfully. The study, with the help of the appropriate methodological perspectives, transcends the coventional approaches to the study of cultural change. Today, apart from the various processes of Immanent change, the developmental schemes, welfare measures, constitutional provisions and the Increasing impact of the intra-tribal Inter-relationships as well as of the various agents of modernization process have played a crucial role in bringing about changes on the different aspect of society.
Tribal culture, an integral part of India's cultural heritage, has not remained untouched by this wave of change which is frequently occurring for last few decades, particularly after Independence. In view of the various processes of planned change, the book presents a scientific account of the process of cultural transformation among the scheduled tribal communities of the border region, under reference.
Covering a variety of vital Issues related to tribal culture, this book is. of immense Importance not only to the social scientists but also to the policy-makers, development administrators and even to the general readers.
Dr. B.S. Bisht obtained his M.A. (1977) and Ph.D. (1982) from the University of Kumaun, Nainital. Sin 1978 he has been teaching both the Graduate and Post-graduate classes and also been Involved actively in tribal studies. Dr. Bisht is known as the pioneering researcher who, at first, successfully completed his research work on Rajis, a little known tribal community of Indo-Nepal border of Uttarakhand. So far Dr. Bisht has completed two research projects financially supported by Indian Council of Social Science Research and University Grants Commission.
Publications of Dr. Bisht in the field of tribal studies Include Uttarakhand ki Bhotiya Janjati and Roji: A Tribe of Indo-Nepal Border of Uttarakhand. He has also contributed several research papers to the Journals of academic repute.
At present Dr. Bisht Is Senior Lecturer in the Post-graduate Department of Sociology at M.Β. Government Post-graduate College, Haldwani (Nainital). He is also an approved academic Counsellor for BDP, and RDD-5- Diploma in Rural Development at IGNOU Study Centre, Haldwani.
Having been acquainted with some folk-tales and legends about the tribal culture since my childhood, the longing for the exact and objective acquaintance of the tribal culture deepened and got mature with the maturity of my mind, and particularly during my field work for Ph.D. dissertation in 1980-81, when I was working on a little known tribe i.e. Rajis of Kumaun in Uttar Pradesh. Thanks to the 'longing' which ultimately induced me to come in close proximity of the five Scheduled Tribal Communities named; Bhotiyas, Buxas, Tharus, Rajis and Jaunsaris of Uttarakhand in Uttar Pradesh and also enabled to present a real canvas of the tribal culture in its changing scene. The present thesis may, therefore, be considered as the inevitable corollary of that very 'longing' which was implanted in the imaginary world of my early days of child-hood and blossomed as a result of the scientific research through participant observation of the real culture of the tribals during the latter half of the eighties when I formulated this project with a view to test all those imaginations, legends and the folk-lores.
In fact, a diversified society like India, which consists of various castes, creeds, communities, linguisticgroups and also encounters the numerous problems of social integration, communal harmony, culture contacts, regionalism and lingual agitation, the study of culture is of great importance not only from policy point of view but also in academic interest. With a view in mind, a thorough and candid effort has been made in presenting the research findings regarding the study of the tribal cultures of Uttarakhand, a border region of India which constitute the international boundary with Tibet and Nepal in its changing perspective.
Though in the field of cultural anthropology and sociology, the study of different tribal communities has been conducted by a number of scholars in India and abroad but so far as the study of the tribal culture of Uttarakhand in Uttar Pradesh is concerned, none of the scholars has made the cultural study in the holistic frame of reference. Hence, in view of the necessity of the academic interest an attempt has been made to study the culture of the five Scheduled Tribe Communities of Uttarakhand in a comparative cum holistic manner. As the Scheduled Tribe Communities under reference have no written script of their own, hence the research findings of the previous scholars, the government reports and other supplementary secondary information available through secondary sources have been taken into account as a base-line data for the analysis of the cultural transformation. The major social institutions of the tribal communities have been discussed in their changing perspective. The impact of the culture-contact as well as the various welfare schemes of the government has also been analysed in a scientific manner. The findings of the study is based on the information gathered through primary and secondary sources. In view of the systematic presentation of the research findings, the whole of the book has been divided into seven major chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the problem, the second chapter consists of the conceptual analysis and the review of the literature, the third chapter is related with the analytical presentation of the methodology and the research de-sign, while the rest of the chapters deal with the empirical portion of the study.
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