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Manu-smriti,
(Sanskrit: “Laws
of Manu”) also called Manava-dharma-shastra, is traditionally the most
authoritative of the books of the Hindu code (Dharma-shastra)
in India. By Manu brahmana.
☛ 'Mitakshara'
on the Yajnavalkya Smriti is best known for its theory of "inheritance by
birth" written by Vijnanesvara
☛ The Dayabhaga is a Hindu law
treatise written by Jimutavahana
☛ “Principles
of Hindu Law” by Tahir Mahmood
☛ Veda- Shrutis are the major
source of Hindu law.
☛ Hindu Law: A New History of
Dharmaśāstra by Patrick Olivelle, Donald
Richard Davis
☛ Hindu
Law by Werner F. Menski
☛ Sources of Hindu Law by Debanshu
khettry
There
are mainly 4 ancient sources of Hindu law namely – Shruti, Smriti, Commentary
and Digest, Custom
☛ Shrutis : is what we heard from our
ancestors. There are four Shrutis which are known as Rig Veda, Yajur Veda,
Sam Veda,
and Atharva
Veda.
☛ Smriti : remembered and written down by the
sages - Dharmashastras
and Dharmasutras. The Manusmriti,
Yajnavalkya
Smriti, Narada
Smriti.
☛ Commentary and Digest :
also known as Tika or Bhashya. Mitakshara
and Dayabhaga
☛ Customs : those traditions, activities, and practices which the people are following for a very long time, and over time they received the force of law.
Dharma
Shastras are treatises based on the Vedic scriptures
that talk about the code of conduct for all living beings, irrespective of
their religion or beliefs. Just like the rules and regulations formulated by
the government, Dharma Shastras are the rules made by God. Although the Vedas
and Puranas are thousands of years old, whatever is mentioned there is still
relevant to human civilization for eternity. Therefore, the principles of
Dharma Shastras are also relevant in today’s world, for everyone.
The
Dharma Shastras and the Dharma Sutras are the science of righteousness given in
the Vedic literature. They mention the principles of Dharma, and moral conduct
for the human society to lead a peaceful life and ultimately to discharge the
duty of the soul. The difference between the two treatises is that the Dharma
Shastras are based on the Vedas (Rig Veda, Sama Veda,
Yajur Veda,
and Atharva
Veda) and are written in poetry form, while the Dharma Sutras are based on
Puranas and are written in prose.
Vedas
are a part of the Vedic literature and are the source of the complete material
and spiritual wisdom. There are four main Vedas; Rig Veda,
Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. These are the oldest sacred texts in Hinduism
to have been revealed to human society through the great saints and sages.
Dharma Shastras are a part of the Vedas that mention the rules and regulations
to be followed by humans in order to elevate their consciousness. It is
recommended to follow the Varnashrama Dharma given in the Dharma Shastras to
lead a peaceful life and thus to be able to advance spiritually.
Exotic India has a treasure of great
books on Dharma Shastras, the law of conduct for humans in Hinduism. Among many
books, the one authentic book which is the best to know about the Dharma
Shastras is “धर्मशास्त्रसंग्रह (हिन्दी टीका सहीत)- Dharmashastra Sangraha (With Hindi
Commentary)” by Babu Sadhucharan Prasad Ji. This
book contains Sanskrit texts of the Dharma Shastras which have been translated
into simple Hindi. The author has also given his commentary on each text.
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